NOTES PREFACE 1. Paul Rozin, “Food Is Fundamental, Fun, Frightening, and Far-Reaching,” Social Research 66 (winter 1998): 9–30. 2. Homer, Odyssey, and Ecclesiasticus 18:25, both quoted in Since Eve Ate Apples: Quotations on Feating, Fasting & Food from the Beginning, ed. March Egerton (Portland, OR: Tsunami Press, 1994), 179–80. 3. Joel E. Cohen, How Many People Can the Earth Support? (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), 370. 4. A sampling: Joseph J. Corn and Brian Horrigan, Yesterday’s Tomorrows: Past Visions of the American Future (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984); Joseph J. Corn, ed., Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986); Christophe Canto and Odile Faliu, The History of the Future: Images of the 21st Century (Paris: Flammarion , 1993); W. H. G. Armytage, Yesterday’s Tomorrows: A Historical Survey of Future Societies (London: Routledge, 1968); I. F. Clarke, The Pattern of Expectation , 1644–2001 (New York: Basic Books, 1979); and W. Warren Wagar, The Next Three Futures: Paradigms of Things to Come (New York: Praeger Publishers , 1991). 5. Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina opens: “All happy families are like one another; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” ONE. THE STAKES IN OUR STEAKS 1. For a highly speculative analysis of why earlier scholars may have been hesitant to discuss food, see Warren Belasco, “Food Matters: Perspectives on an 2 6 7 Emerging Field,” in Food Nations: Selling Taste in Consumer Societies, ed. Warren Belasco and Philip Scranton, 1–11 (New York: Routledge, 2002). 2. Warren Belasco, Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took on the Food Industry (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993), 6–9. 3. Frances Moore Lappé, Diet for a Small Planet (New York: Ballantine Books, 1971), 1–29 (italics added). 4. Frances Moore Lappé, Diet for a Small Planet: 10th Anniversary Edition . (NewYork: Ballantine Books, 1982); Frances Moore Lappé and Anna Lappé, Hope’s Edge:The Next Diet for a Small Planet (NewYork: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam : 2002). 5. According to a 2003 report from the Worldwatch Institute, “Producing 1 calorie of flesh (beef, pork, or chicken) requires 11–17 calories of feed. So a meat eater’s diet requires two to four times more land than a vegetarian’s diet. Soybeans, wheat, rice, and corn also produce three to eight times as much protein as meat.” Danielle Nierenberg, “Meat Production and Consumption Grow,” in Vital Signs 2003 (New York: W. W. Norton, 2003), 30. 6. Carol J. Adams, The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory (New York: Continuum, 1990), 115; Michael Allen Fox, Deep Vegetarianism (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1999), 7; Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (New York: W. W. Norton , 1999), 157–75; Massimo Montanari, “Food Systems and Models of Civilization ,” in Food: A Culinary History from Antiquity to the Present, ed. JeanLouis Flandrin and Massimo Montanari (NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1999), 77–78; William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill and Wang, 1983), 128–29; Kirkpatrick Sale, The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy (NewYork: Plume, 1991), 163–64; Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef:The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture (New York: Plume, 1992), 50; Jeffrey M. Pilcher, Que Vivan los Tamales! Food and the Making of Mexican Identity (Albuquerque : University of New Mexico Press, 1998), 30. 7. Paley and Phillips quoted in Adams, Sexual Politics of Meat, 115–16; Percy Bysshe Shelley, “A Vindication of a Natural Diet,” in EthicalVegetarianism: From Pythagoras to Peter Singer, ed. Kerry S. Walters and Lisa Portmess (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), 73. 8. Adams, Sexual Politics of Meat, 111; Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798; London: Penguin, 1985), 187–88; Fernand Braudel, The Structures of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), 105. 9. William A. Alcott, “The World Is a Mighty Slaughterhouse and FleshEating and Human Decimation,” in Ethical Vegetarianism: From Pythagoras to Peter Singer, ed. Kerry S. Walters and Lisa Portmess (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), 87; William Godwin, Of Population (London: Longman , Hurst, Rees, and Brown, 1820), accessed May 21, 2003, available from http:// dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/godwin/population/chapter3.htm. 10. Malthus, Population, 188; Rifkin, Beyond Beef, 60–64. 11. Malthus, Population, 138; Garrett Hardin, Living within Limits: Ecol2 6 8 / N O T E S T O P A G E S 4 – 6 [44.222.225...