Biology Unmoored: Melanesian Reflections on Life and Biotechnology

Index

abortion rights, 89–90 ACTs (assisted conception technologies). See reproductive technologies adoption, 47, 57 AEBC (Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission), 23–24 affinity. See marriage Agriculture and Environment Biotechnology Commission (AEBC), 23–24 Akeanga myth, 36–39, 109, 137–38 Alltown (England), 53, 183n13 am’a pit’ya apa (memorial songs), 128–29 am’a pit’ya itya iyamakio. See mortuary feasts American Kinship: A Cultural Account (Schneider), 7–8 American Society of Reproductive Medicine , 51 American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Maryland), 163, 168 anaka (pandanus nut trees), 33–34 Angan people, 16–17, 114, 180n10. See also Kamea men; Kamea women Anheuser-Busch, 157 Ankave people, 180n10 anthropological studies: cross-cultural focus of, 175–76; juxtaposed to Kamea model, 173–74; of kinship formulations , 7–10, 56–58, 175–76; of matrilateral payments, 64–65, 184nn17,18; of mortuary symbolism, 124–27, 138, 144, 148–49; mortuary symbolism theories in, 11; of siblingship , 59–60, 183n13; socialized nature theory in, 28–29, 181–82n8, 182n9; of taboos, 91, 92 apa. See male initiation apaka. See Kamea women “Are Mothers Persons?” (Bordo), 84 arm bands (ituka), 107 assisted conception technologies (ACTs). See reproductive technologies Assisted Conception Unit of Leeds General Infirmary, 46 Associated Press, 154 Auch (France), 20 awati apaka (“good woman”), 33 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), 21, 181nn3,6 Balisby, Sam, 83 2 1 9 index bamboo flutes, 110 bamboo torches, 104, 109 Bank of America, 157 bark cloth (malo), 43 Barnes, J. A., 29 Baruya people, 18, 99, 184n23 Biaru people, 155 bilas. See ornaments biodiversity (term), 153–54, 188nn1,2 biodiversity conservation: contradictory rhetoric of, 159–61, 189nn10–12; economic perspective on, 157–59, 165, 188–89n4, 189nn6–9; ethical implications of, 167–68; GMOs and, 26; of indigenous peoples, 162–65; in Papua New Guinea, 154–56 Biodiversity Treaty, 188n1 biological paradigm: in biotechnology era, 5, 47–49, 170–71, 176–77, 182–83n2; central ideas of, 170; cloning controversy of, 14, 120–23, 187n4; descent principle of, 44; Dolly’s impact on, 117–18, 146–47; of fetal rights advocates , 83–84, 86–90; gestational surrogacy ’s use of, 76–77; globalization of, 14–15, 151–52, 174–75, 180n7; juxtapositional approach to, 10, 12–15, 176; kinship model of, 7, 55–56, 179–80n5, 183n10; personhood model of, 112–13; privileged relationships of, 50; of reproduction , 13–14, 51–52, 180n8, 183n7; revalorization of, 49–50, 176– 77; Schneider’s deconstruction of, 7– 9, 56–57, 77; socially determined roles of, 54–55; species boundaries of, 11, 24–27, 181nn5,6; substance-based connections of, 53–54 bioprospecting campaigns, 159, 189n9 bio-sociality (term), 5 biotechnology: global implications of, 165– 68; new biological framework of, 147– 49, 170–71, 176–77, 182–83n2; resource materials on, 16; societal reaction to, 3–5, 179n4. See also biodiversity conservation; genetically modified organisms; reproductive technologies black twins’ case (United Kingdom), 46– 47, 48, 76, 182–83n2 Blackwood, Beatrice, 132–34, 138, 182n11 Blair, Tony, 23, 26 Bloch, M., 125, 144, 149 Blood, Diane, 51, 52 bodies. See human bodies Bodmer, Walter, 162 Bonnemère, P., 180n10 Bordo, Susan, 84, 88 Bouquet, Mary, 7 Bove, José, 21, 180–81n1, 181n2 bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), 181n4 bridewealth: fertility tied to, 69–71, 92, 172–73; as gender differentiation process , 66–67, 68; items of, 67, 69, 184n21; in Papua New Guinea highlands , 64–66, 184nn17–19; recipients of, 69; in sister exchange, 71–72, 184n23 British Human Fertilization and Embryology Act (1990), 47 Brosius, P., 161 Brown, Lesley, 3, 47 Brown, Louise, 47, 179n2 BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), 181n4 Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis), 21, 181nn3,6 bullroarers (mautwa), 97, 98, 101, 186nn15– 17 Bulmer, R., 184n24 burial ceremonies, 130–31, 138, 187n14. See also mortuary rites Burke, Jason, 52 Burridge, Kenelm, 59–60 Burton, R., 95 Bush, George W., 120 bush spirits (hiey’ya), 34, 130 Butler-Sloss, Dame Elizabeth, 46, 47, 48, 76 Caledonians, 124 California Penal Code, Section 270, 81 Calvert, Crispina, 77 Calvert, Mark, 77 Canaque naming practices, 124 i n d e x 2 2 0 cane (pitpit), 32, 69, 100 capitalism: biodiversity’s relation to, 157– 60, 189nn6–11; indigenous peoples linked to, 15, 161, 175; naturalization of, 165 Carder, Angela, 87 Cardigan Bay company (Wales), 26 Carsten, Janet, 57, 176 Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca, 162, 164 Cavanah, S., 25 cesarean sections, 86–87 childbirth: male attendee at, 143, 188n17; male initiation...