235 Index Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations. Africans in Moscow: discrimination against, 25, 128, 144, 208, 214n6, 215n4; as food aid recipients, 16–17, 147; as food aid staff members, 91, 150; as food aid volunteers, 25, 57, 59, 91, 143–44, 173, 175, 192, 207, 208; and legacy of Soviet foreign policy, 24–25; as members of church congregation, 94, 147, 208; and racial issues, 24–25, 152; as refugees, 3, 17, 57, 208; as students , 3, 16, 57, 59, 94, 147, 150, 175 Agricultural work, 104, 109–12; Subbotniki , 109–10. See also Gardens Alcoholism, 7, 26, 179, 182 Alienation, 201 Allahyari, Rebecca, 160 Aloneness. See Social isolation Americanization, 183, 200 Anomie, 201 Anti-Semitism, 145 Appadurai, Arjun, 129 Assistance, 52, 83–86, 89–91; public, 7–12, 139 Atheism, 90 Atomization, social, 201 Aum Shinri Kyo community, 148 Automobiles, 39, 50–51, 68, 69, 183 Azeris in Moscow, 121 Banks, 64–65, 68–69 Barker, Adele Marie, 211n6 Barsegian, Igor, 156 Barter, 35, 54, 64 Barth, Fredrik, 128 Begging, 8, 147, 158, 179, 180, 181–82 Beissinger, Margaret, 154 Belarus, 120–21 Berdahl, Daphne, 16, 218n20 Bershidsky, Leonid, 11 Birthday celebrations, 6, 21, 61, 82, 91, 118, 184–88, 187, 188, 205 Black market, 29, 63–64 Blat, 29, 45, 80–82 Borenstein, Eliot, 148 Bottles, recycling of, 39–40 Bourdieu, Pierre, 37, 66 Boym, Svetlana, 33, 212n11 Bread, 41, 160, 165, 212n13 Brezhnev, Leonid, 161 Bribery, 82, 136–37, 138, 214n6 Bruno, Marta, 11 Bureaucracy, 37, 73, 109, 126, 168; social identity determined by, 30, 128, 129, 130–31, 133, 134–39 Buses, 1, 46, 47, 74–76, 108, 131, 211–12n7 Bush, George, 11 Capitalism, 10, 16, 31, 34, 35, 64, 161–62, 183, 198–202 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 11 236 INDEX Carrier, James, 89 Cathedral of Christ the Savior, 15, 210n11 Censorship, 71, 72 Center for Humanitarian Aid (CHA), 138– 39, 216n8 Charitable organizations, 58, 83, 138, 145 Charity as reciprocal exchange, 88–92 Cheating in educational institutions, 72– 73 Chechnya, 128, 214n6 Chernobyl disaster, 120 Chernomyrdrin, Viktor, 183, 218n17 Child care, 9, 49, 67 Christian Church of Moscow (CCM) congregation , 13, 16–21, 26–28, 58, 66, 94, 127–28, 144, 145–47, 149, 175, 180–81, 208 Christian Church of Moscow (CCM) soup kitchens: African participants at, 3, 16–17, 18, 24–25, 57, 91, 94, 143, 144, 150, 173, 175, 207, 208; attendance at, 17, 20, 101; attitudes toward hunger at, 156–58, 164–66, 168–69; disabilities among recipients at, 133–34, 175; disputes at, 92–98, 127–28, 136, 196–98, 207, 217–18n15; diversity of community at, 3–4, 18, 55–57, 59; documentation to identify recipients at, 17, 134– 36, 138–42; eligibility of recipients at, 17, 30, 93, 95, 134, 136, 138–42, 149, 151, 153, 166, 177; entitlements for recipients at, 139–40; entitlements for volunteers at, 58, 88; fieldwork at, 13, 16– 27, 205; gift giving at, 81–82, 89–92; informal exchange networks at, 30, 68, 74, 97–98; nash / ne nash distinction at, 142–44, 153, 154, 201–2, 204; number of participants at, 4, 13, 17; pensioners as recipients at, 4, 17, 26, 39, 68, 74, 85, 88, 139; reciprocal exchange at, 89–92; registration of recipients at, 4, 17, 56, 59, 134, 138, 140, 143, 149–50, 207; relocation of, 206– 7; rules violated at, 87–88, 136, 141; social activities at, 6, 171–76, 185–87; and social identity, 127–28, 133–36, 138–44, 151–54, 155; social invisibility of, 157, 169–70; success of, 12; as supplemental program, 54, 86; time limits at, 175–76; and traditional values, 27, 200; veterans as recipients at, 18, 93, 133, 139 Christian missionaries, 90 Chubais, Anatoly, 85 Cold War, 14 Collective farms, 104, 161 Collectivity, social, 30, 31, 37, 84, 110, 184, 204 Commercialization, 198–202, 204 Commodities, 32, 40, 62, 68, 119–20; distinguished from gifts, 89, 98–99. See also Consumer goods Communism, 9, 16, 90 Communist Party, 18, 48, 80, 81, 94, 95, 96, 97, 143, 161 Computers, 49, 190–91 Connections, social. See Informal exchange networks Consumer goods: and black market, 63– 64; for dacha activities, 107; and informal exchange networks, 44–45, 66, 68–69; in post-Soviet period, 35, 64, 165, 211n6, 212n11; in Soviet period, 10, 33, 44, 62, 109, 161. See also Prices; Shopping; Shortages Consumerism, 10, 35, 183 Cooperation, social, 5, 37, 42–43, 66, 83, 86, 117, 204...