The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar

Glossary

347 glossary Unless otherwise specified, all Malagasy terms are in the Sakalava dialect (and generally defined from a northern Sakalava point of view); sometimes these correspond to terms in French or other dialects of Malagasy. FR: French; HP: high plateaux (esp. Merina); OM: official Malagasy; SAK: Sakalava. ampanjaka: royalty ampanjakabe: ruler ampanompo: “those who work for royalty” or who perform royal service; see also fanompoaña an-banvolo: “from near the forest,” rural andafy: overseas Andevo (HP): applied in Merina territory to refer to people assumed to be of slave origin; associated with the HP term mainty (dark-skinned); see also Makoa Ankify: seaside royal village of the Bemazava-Sakalava. Also referred to as Andoany, “[the place] At the Royal Palace [doany]”; see also Palais Royal an-tanambe: “from town,” urban Antandroy, Tandroy: pastoralists from southern Madagascar who migrate to the Sambirano and who work primarily as manual laborers. Tandroy is the adjectival form; it also refers to the dialect spoken Antankaraña: northern Malagasy neighbors of the Sakalava of the Sambirano arema, or Antokin’ny Revolisiona Malagasy (OM): Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution, the national political party of Madagascar during the Second Republic. (FR: Avant-Garde de la Révolution Malgache) bac: (FR: baccalauréat) examination students must pass at the end of their terminale year at lycée in order to go on to the university Bemazava: the northern dynastic branch of the Sakalava Bemihisatra: a northern Sakalava dynastic branch located to the south of the Sambirano Valley and on the smaller offshore island of Nosy Be BEPC: (FR: brévet d’études du premier cycle) examinations that follow a middle school (CEG) education; one must receive a passing score in order to continue on to the lycée level Betsileo: central highland group of Malagasy centered around Fianarantsoa Betsimisaraka: Malagasy speakers associated with the central and northern band of the east coast of Madagascar Boky Mena: “the Red Book”; the socialist treatise of President Didier Ratsiraka’s Second Republic CEG: (FR: collège d’enseignement général ) a state-run middle school; see also collège CEPE: (FR: certificat d’études primaires élémentaires) the national examination following primary schooling; one must receive a passing score in order to continue on to the middle school (collège or CEG) level collège (FR): middle school; also referred to as CEG (FR: collège d’enseignement général) when it is a state-run school côtier (FR): someone from the coast; coined during the colonial period, this term is used to encompass all Malagasy save for those of the high plateaux (which refers primarily to the Merina and Betsileo) deuxième bureau: mistress; in French it also refers to the branch of government concerned with national security, especially in the realm of covert actions and sabotage diversion (FR): distraction, amusement, what one does for fun doany: Sakalava royal palace; see also zomba drakô: “my dear friend,” affectionate term of address used between women fady: taboo falafa: palm fiber used to construct the simplest dwellings in Ambanja and the Sambirano fanafody: medicine, magic; fanafody tsara: “good medicine,” used to bring about a positive change in one’s life; fanafody raty, or ratsy: “bad medicine” used to harm an adversary ; fanafody-gasy: “Malagasy [indigenous] medicine” as opposed to fanafody vazaha: medicine of foreign (biomedical) origin Fandroana (HP): Royal Bath, the annual renewal ceremony when subjects of Imerina proclaimed their allegiance to the monarch; last performed in November, 1896 and thereafter prohibited by the French, its end corresponding to the downfall of the Merina monarchy under colonialism fanjakana: the (authority of the) royal state or kingdom; (OM): “government” or more specifically the state of Madagascar fanompoaña: royal service firaisana (OM): city government, city hall; (FR: hôtel de ville) First Republic: (FR: Première République) corresponds with the tenure of President Philibert Tsiranana (1960–72) 348 glossary FISA: Fianakaviana Sambatra (“Happy Family”), Madagascar’s state-run family planning program fitahiaña: commemorative praise name given to a deceased Sakalava ruler (from mitaha, “to protect”) fivondronana (OM): county government or seat fokon’olona (HP, OM): community, collective fomba: custom fombandrazaña: royal ancestral customs; see also razaña and tanindrazaña Fourth Republic: (FR: Quatrième République) corresponds with Didier Ratsiraka’s second presidency (1997–) havaña: kin hendry: wise, clever, prudent, socially intelligent, well-behaved; applied as a...