Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores

Index

abalones, –,  algae and,  catch restrictions on,  coastal populations, decline of, , , ,  cold-water species,  distribution and biology, – growth,  heat tolerance,  life cycle, – otters, as prey for,  overfishing of, – reproduction,  settlement site,  shell, ,  transplantation efforts,  tropical species,  abduction,  abiotic control,  abrasion,  absorbance, , – acceleration of an object, law of,  acceleration reaction,  acoelomate condition,  acorn worms (enteropneusta),  Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs),  Acrosiphonia arcta (green alga),  added mass force, –,  adenosine triphosphate (ATP),  adhesion, – algae,  barnacles, , ,  capillary,  cementation, – de-adhesive materials,  defined,  echinoderms, , ,  gluing, basic principles of, – diversity, ,  effects of limpets on, , – evaporative area,  life cycles, – macroalgae, , , , , , , – marine iguanas and,  origins and evolution of,  Palmaria palonata, –,  pressed,  reproduction,  settlement, effects of biofilms on,  succession, ,  tidal rhythms influencing,  uses and products,  water loss, responses to,  algal biogeography, – biogeography, defined,  geological contribution, – glaciations and, – human impacts on,  North Pacific–North Atlantic exchange,  seaweed distribution, general patterns of, – temperature contribution,  algal blooms, – brown tides,  cyanobacterial blooms,  defined,  fall turnover,  harmful, – ice edge,  impact of on environment and economy,  origins of,  physically forced,  red tides, , ,  spring diatom blooms, – stages, – upwelling and,  larvae attachment,  limpets, ,  low- vs. high-energy surfaces,  marine mechanisms for, – molluscs,  mussels, –, ,  presence of water and, ,  sea urchins,  snails, ,  suction, ,  wetting,  adhesive strength,  advective fog,  aerial temperature, –,  agarose,  Agassiz, Alexander,  Agassiz, Louis,  air, – atmospheric composition, historical variation in, – intermittent exposure to, effects of,  oxygen composition of,  physical properties of, – relative density,  and seawater compared, – alcids,  algae, – adhesion,  anatomy,  articulated coralline, , –,  beach cleanup efforts,  biofilms, in settlement of,  calcification in,  calcified, – carotenoids in,  cellulose,  cultural value and indigenous uses, – defense against herbivory,  defined, – 687 687 INDEX 688 I N D E X algal color, – evolutionary diversity, – functional anatomy,  interpreting, – major groupings, – reasons for, , – algal crusts, – defenses against herbivores,  desiccation,  disturbance, – favorable environments for, – growth,  lichens, ,  life histories, – recognizing, – reproduction, – variation, – algal economics, – algal uses and products,  cultivation and harvesting, – cultural value and indigenous uses, – ecosystem services,  tourism, aesthetic and economic value, – algal extracts,  algal life cycles, – ecological implications,  reproduction,  types of, – algal ridges, ,  algal turfs, –,  coral reefs,  defined,  herbivory and, – intertidal,  subtidal, trophic importance of,  temperate,  tropical, – alginates,  Allee, W. C.,  ameiotic parthenogenesis,  American black bears,  American mink,  amino acid ,-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA),  ammonium,  amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP),  amphidromic point,  amphipods, – environmental physiology,  food habits, – life cycles,  reproduction,  taxonomy and morphology,  amplification, defined,  amplifiers, – Anderson School of Natural History,  anemones. See sea anemones Animal Aggregation: A Study in General Sociology,  anoxia, ,  anisogamy, ,  anthropogenic disturbance,  anthropogenic ecosystem changes, –. See also human impacts apomixis,  apparent competition, – applied ecology,  aquaria, public, – artificial substrates,  biological environment, recreating, – cost of admission to,  exhibit lighting,  life support systems,  live touch experiences, – physical environment, recreating,  reproductive programs,  rocky-shore exhibits, creating,  role of in minimizing human impacts,  temperature,  visitor experience, – water motion,  aqueous solubility,  Archaea,  Archimedes’ principle,  Arctic foxes, ,  areas of high disturbance, defined,  Aristotle’s lantern, , , ,  Arrhenius, Svante,  arthropodins,  arthropods, – Chelicerata,  classification of,  Crustacea,  Hexapoda,  key characteristics of,  molting, – Myriapoda,  Pycnogonids,  reproduction, – sclerotization,  tidepool crustaceans, – articulated coralline algae, , –,  artificial reefs,  artificial tagging, – ascidians. See tunicates asexual reproduction, , – budding, ,  fragmentation, , , ,  vegetative reproduction,  associational defenses, ,  astropods,  atmospheric composition, historical variation in, – atmospheric pressure,  avascular circulatory system,  average flow speed,  backscatter sensors,  Bacteria,  Bakan Upwelling Index,  Baker, Katherine Drew,  barnacles, , –,  adhesion by, , ,  defenses against,  growth, – interactions, – life cycle, – limpets, presence of,  parasitic (rhizocephalans), – reproduction, ,  research, new directions in,  settlement cues,  Bartholomew, George,  bathymetric upwelling,  beaches, – cleanup efforts,  defined,  erosion of,  human impacts on, ,  nourishment,  sand beach shape and movement of, – formation and sources of, – slope differences, – Beaufort wind speed scale, ,  bêche-de-mer,  benthic-pelagic coupling (BPC), – defined,  ecological importance of,  internal waves, – Langmuir circulation,  sedimentation,  upwelling, – Bernoulli’s principle,  Bertness, Mark,  Between Pacific Tides, , ,  biodiversity as biological insurance, ,  complementarity,  consumers and,  defined, – ecosystems, importance for,  effects of on ecosystem structure and function,  exotic species, invasion of, – facilitation, ,  global patterns of, – intertidal cultivation and harvesting, effects of, – latitudinal gradients, primary causes of, – Cenzoic radiation hypothesis,  evolutionary speed hypothesis of,  niche–assembly hypothesis, – species–energy hypothesis,  temperature and diversity, – maintenance of, – competition for limited resources, species approach to, – disturbance and,  facilitation and,  postsettlement factors, – predation in, – scale of observation, increasing, – species diversity within dispersal distance,  supply of individuals,  measurement of, –, – redundancy, ,  sampling effect,  scale dependent patterns of,  seaweeds and seagrass, –, – sessile invertebrates, – significance of, – sustainable food uses and, – I N D E X 689 bioeroders,  bioerosion,  biofilms, – and bryozoan...