Old and New New Englanders: Immigration and Regional Identity in the Gilded Age

Index

247 Index Note: Pages in italics indicate illustrations. abandoned farms, 123, 152, 171 Abbott, Margaret, 76 abolition, 167, 174, 191–92 See also slavery abortion, 59, 104–8, 114, 222n119 acclimation to New World climate, 2, 80, 85, 114, 116–21 See also climate Adams, Henry, 18 Adams, Herbert Baxter, 23, 70 African Americans, 175 See also abolition; slavery agriculture abandoned farms, 123, 152, 171 farms as business ventures, 133–35, 189–90 New England influence in Old Northwest, 173 return of land to forest, 161, 238n182 social status of farm laborers, 125–41, 231n61, 231n64 stability in Gilded Age, 123 technological developments, 134–35, 136, 147 traditional and progressive approaches to, 11, 124–25, 153–54, 160–63 See also farmers AIHS (American-Irish Historical Society), 9–10, 39–43, 213n63, 216n155 Akron, OH, 183 Allen, David Grayson, 25 Allen, Nathan, 98–104, 100, 106–9, 112, 118–21, 222n119 Amberley, Lady, 112 American Catholic Historical Society, 42 American Home Missionary Society, 168 American identity, 12, 188, 193–94, 197–99 American-Irish Historical Society (AIHS), 9–10, 39–43, 213n63, 216n155 American Jewish Historical Society, 41 American nationalism, 41–42 American Notebooks, The (Hawthorne), 92 American Political Ideas Viewed from the Standpoint of Universal History (Fiske), 26–29 American Protective Association, 42, 178 American regionalism, 8, 38 See also regionalism American Revolution, 25, 47–48 Anarchiad, The (Connecticut Wits), 82–83 Ancestors and Immigrants (Solomon), 6 Andrews, Charles McLean, 23 Anglo-Saxons character of, 66–67 conquest by, 34, 165, 167–69, 171–72 248 • Index Anglo-Saxons (continued) cultural imperialism of Greater New Englanders, 166–79 descent from, 3 in Gilded Age painting and sculpture, 6 and immigration restriction, 30 leadership in wars, 25 and Manifest Destiny, 26–29 racial bias of, 15–17, 165, 167–79 as racial term, 207n12 Teutonic origins theory, 22–25 warrior image of, 36–37 West as stronghold of, 18–19 world conquest by, 19–20 annexation of Quebec, 60 anti-immigrant sentiment. See nativism Antin, Mary, 75–76 antislavery movement. See abolition Appel, John J., 42, 48 Ashtabula, OH, 183 assimilation, 35–36, 53–54, 62–63 Association of Collegiate Alumnae, 114 Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table, The (Holmes), 86–87 Bacon, David, 186 Bacon, Leonard Woolsey, 186 Badger, Ada Shepard, 115 Balch, Emily, 215n116 Baltic pirates, 171 Baptist church, 183 Barlow, Joel, 82 Barron, Hal, 123, 227n10, 227n13 Bart Ridgeley (Riddle), 185 Bartlett, Albert L., 64 Bayne, Peter, 30 Bederman, Gail, 19 Beecher, Catharine, 109 Beginnings of New England, The (Fiske), 49 Bell, Michael, 122–23 Bellamy, Edward, 201 Bennett law (Wisconsin), 176, 178 bias, racial, regional, and filial, 3, 12, 15– 17, 44–52, 165, 167–79 Biddies, 95–97 Bird, Isabella Lucy, 84 birthrates and family limitation, 104–8 and fashion, 233n102 French Canadian, 59–60 Yankee, 20–21, 59–60, 98–99, 104, 107–8, 222n119 Black, John, 123 Black Hawk War, 172 Blithedale Romance, The (Hawthorne), 94 boardinghouses, 137 “book farming,” 134–35 Boston (Lodge), 34 Boston, MA, 34, 201, 246n9 Boston Latin School, 185 Boston Pilot (newspaper), 42–43 Bowen, George Austin, 56, 163, 235n126, 238n182 Bowles, Samuel, 189 Brahmin Anglo-Saxonists belief in own superiority, 15–17 biases of, 44–52 and decay of New England, 169–70 and immigration restriction, 32, 62 racial decay of, 33–35 and regional identity, 17, 26 regionalism of, 169 tension between racial and regional identities, 9–10 and Teutonic origins theory, 22–25 See also Anglo-Saxons; Greater New Englanders; Yankees Breadbasket, 4 breastfeeding, 102–3 Breckinridge, William C. P., 70–71 Bremer, Fredrika, 85 Brennan, James F., 47 Brewer, William H., 150 Bridgets, 95–97 Britain, 19 British Empire, 209n46 British immigrants, as farm laborers, 126 broadening (liberalizing) of Yankee Westerners, 188–200, 242n72 Index • 249 Brodie, Janet Farrell, 105 “Broken Shadows on the New England Farm” (Deming), 140–41 Brown, Dona, 6, 58, 181, 227n10, 227n13 Brown, John, 185, 192 Brown, Warren, 132–33 Bryce, James, 156 Buffon, Count of (Georges-Louis Leclerc), 2, 81–83 Bull, Ole, 139 Bullard Improved Hay Tedder, 136 Bunn, Alfred, 219n24 Burgess, John W., 23 Burnosky, “Hen House Joe,” 151 Bushee, Frederick, 120 “Business Side of Agriculture, The” (Hale), 162 Cables, C. H., 136, 230n57 Calvinists, 183 Camp, D. M., 128–29 Canada, 53–54, 60 Canadian immigrants, 183 See also English Canadians; French Canadians capitalists, farmers as, 133–35, 189–90 Carroll, Charles, 68 Catholicism...