Catching Up with the Competition: Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries

Tables, Figures, and Boxes

Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 1.1 The Most Recent Year of Availability for Middle Eastern Countries' Trade Data ll 1.2 The 1997 Geographic Destination of Middle Eastern Countries' Exports 12 1.3 The Share of Middle Eastern Countries in OECD Total and Non-Oil Imports 1980, 1988, and 1997 14 1.4 The 1997 Product Composition of OECD Imports from the Middle East 16 1.5 Industrial Countries' Thirty Largest 3-Digit SITC Non-Energy Import Products from the Middle East 18 1.6 Dynamic Products in Industrial Countries' Imports from the Middle East 21 1.7 1985 and 1997 HT Ratios tor Middle Eastern Countries 22 1.8 The Relative Importance of Parts and Components in Individual Middle Eastern Countries' Trade 24 1.9 The Impact of Competition, Demand, and Diversification on Middle Eastern Non-Oil Exports 27 1.10 The Share of Individual Countries in Intraregional Exports in the mid-1980s and 1990s 29 1.11 Middle Eastern Countries' Thirty Largest 3-Digit SITC Intraregional Exports in the mid- I980s and mid- l990s 30 1.12 Dynamic Products in Middle Eastern Countries' Regional Exports 32 1.13 1997 "Trade Intensity" Indices for Middle Eastern Countries' Exports 33 1.14 Implications of Middle Eastern Countries' Export Diversification Indices 35 1.15 Middle Eastern Countries' Trade Complementarity Indices 36 X Tables,Figures,andBoxes 1.16 Middle Eastern Countries' 1985 and 1997 Revealed Comparative Advantage in Broad Product Groups 38 2.1 Economic Growth and Other Indicators of Social Welfare 1993 48 2.2 Agricultural Production 1990-92 52 2.3 Exports and Imports of MENA Countries by World Regions 54 1992-94 2.4 Revealed Comparative Advantage of MENA Countries in International and Intraregional Trade 1992-94 60 2.5 Import Restrictions in MENA Countries by Product Category 1984-93 62 2.6 Economic Cooperation in MENA 68 3.1 IIT Indices in Manufactures: Total Trade 85 3.2 Direction of Trade: IIT Trade Indices in Manufactures 1992-94 87 3.3 IIT Regression Fit: Deviations from Predicted Levels 94 3.4 Intra-Industry Trade by Product Group 95 3.5 Arab Countries: Intra-Industry Trade Indices in Manufactures for Selected Commodities 96 4.1 The Commodity Composition of Lebanon's Imports by Source 112 4.2 Nominal Tariff Rates on Imports from the EU and the World 113 4.3 Tariffs Imposed by Lebanon on Imports from Supplying Countries 114 4.4 Differentials between Lebanese Prices and Those in Qatar and the Middle East 116 4.5 ERPs Provided to Selected Lebanese Industries by Tariffs 117 4.6 Post Uruguay Round Tariff Rates and Lebanese Exports to the EU 122 4.7 Protection Rates in Lebanon's Major Trading Partners 123 4.8 Key Consequences of Liberalization by Lebanon 124 4.9 Estimated Impacts of Changes in Domestic Prices of lmportables for Prices of Non-Traded Goods 128 4.10 Key Consequences of Liberalization by Lebanon with High Import Substitutability 129 4.11 Key Consequences of Liberalization by Lebanon with Balanced Trade 130 4.12 Consequences of Liberalizing Both Tariff and Nontariff Barriers 131 4.13 Consequences of Halving Financial Inflows in Lebanon 134 5.1 Key Sectoral Data for the Typical Arab Mediterranean Country 148 5.2 Elasticities of Substitution between Labor and Capital Use 151 5.3 Aggregate Effects 153 5.4 Percentage Change in Exports and Imports (Short Run) 158 5.5 Percentage Change in Prices (Short Run) 160 5.6 Short-Run Percentage Changes in Labor Use and Production 160 Tables,FiguresandBoxes XI 5.7 Changes in Prices of Sector-Specific Capital and Labor (Short Run) 162 5.8 Long-Run Percentage Changes in Labor Use and Production 164 6.1 Benchmark Output and Trade Shares 178 6.2 Government Policy and Elasticity Parameters 187 6.3 Impacts of Egyptian-EU Trade Agreement with Service NTBs Fixed 188 6.4 Impacts of Egyptian-EU Trade Agreement with Service NTBs Liberalized 190 6.5 Sectoral Impacts of Egyptian-EU Trade Agreement and Frictional Import NTBs 193 6.6 Egyptian-EU Trade Agreement with Arab League FTA Service NTBs Fixed 194 6.7 Egyptian-EU Trade Agreement with Arab League FTA Service NTBs Liberalized 196 7.1 Nominal and Effective Protection Rates in 1997 209 7.2 Effective Rates of Protection to Exports in 1997 210 7.3 The Extent of Tariff Induced Bias against Exports 1994 and 1997 212 7.4 Results...