Responsive Democracy: Increasing State Accountability in East Asia

Index

185 Index accountability APA impact on, 9–12 as cornerstone of democracy, 8 democratic responsiveness and, 3, 145–46 Administrative Court (Taiwan), 60, 61 administrative law Korea, 2–3 Taiwan, 60 United States, 5, 12 administrative procedure acts (APA) accomplishing political goals with, 7–8 authority and origins, 2, 4 bene‹ts of, 12–13 enactment in Korea and Taiwan, 7 explanation for passage, 21–22 increasing accountability, 9–12 notice and comment rule-making, 5 “reining-in” theory and, 146, 149 responsive democracy and, 150–52 as tool for change, 23–24, 105–6, 118–19, 146–49 U.S. federalism and, 151 See also Korea, APA; Taiwan, APA administrative procedure reform case study analysis, 30–32 consequences of, 147–48 constitutional restrictions, 25–26 democratization and, 21 intrabranch delegation and, 22–24 measurement and analysis, 107–16 motivations for change, 24–25 political support and cooperation, 26–27 responsive democracy and, 19–21, 80 support of APA passage, 21–22 See also attitudes toward bureaucracy; bureaucracy; sunset laws Administrative Regulation and Service Improvement Act (Korea, 1995), 39 agency slippage APA mitigation of, 30, 38 de‹ned, 4 executive delegation and, 20, 99–101 patronage appointments and, 81 “reining in” theory, 14–15 Amorim Neto, Octavio, 27, 30 Andaya, Rolando, 103 appointments and dismissals. See bureaucracy ; cabinet formation; civil service ; executive power Aquino, Benigno, 85–86 Aquino, Corazon APA case study, 16–17 election and consolidation of power, 81, 85–88 reform efforts, 23–24 See also Philippines, case study Argentina, 14 Arrington, Celeste, 54 Arroyo, Joker Paz, 87 attitudes toward bureaucracy APAs and, 148 case selection, 126–27 hypotheses, 120–23 measurement and analysis, 123–26 results and discussion, 127–43 See also administrative procedure reform ; bureaucracy; trust and con‹dence Australia, 29 authoritarian rule. See democracy; military rule/in›uence Basic Act on Administrative Regulations (Korea, 1997). See Korea, APA Basic Law on Administrative Regulations and Civil Affairs Act (Korea, 1994). See Korea, APA Baum, Jeeyang Rhee, 116 Bawn, Kathleen, 116 Brillantes, Alex B., Jr., 84 bureaucracy accountability and decision-making, 3 civil service autonomy and, 29–30 exercising political power, 7–8 Korean democracy and, 45–46 resistance to administrative reform, 22–25 role in democratic accountability, 145–46 See also administrative procedure reform ; attitudes toward bureaucracy; civil service cabinet formation executive power and, 25 Korean democracy and, 45 Philippines post-Marcos, 86–87 U.S. model of, 27 Carey, John M., 25–26 Cariño, Ledivina V., 82 case studies analysis of attitudes, 118–19 APA overview, 15–17 basic institutional structures, 32–33 case selection, 126–27 conditions for APA passage, 34 hypotheses of bureaucratic performance , 120–23 measurement and analysis, 123–26 “plausibility probe,” 38 research design, 30–32 results and discussion, 127–43 See also Korea; Philippines; Taiwan Chaebol. See Korea, Chaebol in›uence Chen, Ray, 67 Chen Shui-Bian, 62, 66–68, 76 Cheng, Tun-Jen, 63 Cheng Pao Ching, 77 Chiang Ching-Kuo, 57 Chile, 14 Chin, Ko-Lin, 67, 72 Choi Byung-Sun, 52 Chosun Ilbo, 50 Chun Doo Hwan, 40, 42–43, 155, 165n17 Citizen’s Coalition for Economic Justice, 54 civil service case study analysis, 118–19, 127–34, 139–43 comparison between cases, 34, 119–23, 148 data and methods evaluating, 123–26 impact of APA on, 18, 21, 118 importance of public trust in, 15–16, 118 Korea, 46, 134–39, 143, 146–47 Philippines, 34, 80–85, 88–90, 92, 167n4 recruitment and protection, 29–30 Taiwan, 78 See also bureaucracy Clark, Cal, 74 clientelist politics, 82. See also patronage appointments Clifford, Mark L., 69 “closed-entry” system for bureaucratic recruitment, 29 Constitutional Court (Korea), 43, 164nn12–13 186 | Index corruption accountability reforms, 161n3 administrative openness and, 19 analysis and measurement, 125–26, 135–43 APA as response to, 21 Korea, 43–44 Philippines, 86, 103, 168n18 Taiwan KMT and, 16, 59, 64–74 courts Administrative Court (Taiwan), 60, 61 Constitutional Court (Korea), 43, 164nn13–14 Supreme Court (Korea), 43, 164n13 United States, 96 Crock, Stan, 69 currency crisis of 1997, 142 delegation agency slippage and, 4 applying U.S. model to, 6–7 democratic accountability, 145–46 democratic responsiveness and, 19–20 ex ante vs. ex post controls, 28, 39, 45, 97, 101, 161 political goals and time horizons, 22–24 “reining-in” theory on, 99–101 democracy accountability assumptions, 3 APA as measure of, 80, 118 citizen trust and con...