The Unknown Odysseus: Alternate Worlds in Homer's Odyssey

Index

index 141 Achilles: as foil to Odysseus, 59, 115; and Priam, 63–64, 87, 102; in the underworld, 59–60 Aegisthus: as lacking self-control, 6 Aeneas, 18 Agamemnon: as foil to Odysseus, 115; in Hades, 61 Ajax, 60 Alcinous, 49 ambrosia: as sign of deception, 14 Amphinomos, 101–3 animals: as foil for human society, 69 anonymity: as bene‹cial to hero, 30, 45, 63, 118–19; as conducive to friendship, 73–74, 103; as death, vii, 30, 63; and kleos, 45, 62, 64, 103; as liberating, 124–25; of Odysseus, 30, 45 Antikleia, 60, 117 Aphrodite, 87 Apollo: cattle of, 85, 88, 89; duped by Hermes, 89–90; and Pytho, 50 Ares, 87 Arete, 48 Argos (Odysseus’ dog), 69 art: role of in human life, 74, 77 Artemis, 109 Athena: as artist, 29, 35, 77, 122; her disguising of Odysseus, 29; as maternal , 22; as orchestrator of return plot, ix, 12, 34, 35, 37, 39, 46, 68, 77, 95, 102, 104, 113, 114, 117; parallel to Calypso, 22; as protector of Odysseus, ix, 5, 12, 22, 34–35, 66–68 Autolycus, 83, 88 Bassi, Karen, 58 bathing: as threatening to hero, 27, 38, 101 Calypso: compared to Circe, 53–55; as dangerous, 14–15; as detaining woman, 17, 20, 100; as emotionally accessible, 16–17; as liminal, 14; her name, 15; Odysseus and, 12–19, 78–79, 90–91; as singer, 14 cattle of the sun, 61–62 Cicones, 49, 117 Circe: as allegorical, 56; compared to Calypso, 53–55; compared to Penelope , 57; as dangerous to Odysseus, 54–55; as detaining woman, 17, 100; as emasculating, 55; episode as comic, 56; episode as microcosm of return plot, 56; Odysseus and 53–57; as surrogate for Athena, 56 Clytemnestra, 108 comic hero, 25; compared to trickster, 86 comic narrative: characteristics of, 86 Cyclopes, as savage, 48, 51 daimonios/ê, 111–12, 113, 114 Demodocus, 88 detaining woman: Antikleia as, 117; Calypso as, 17, 20, 100; Circe as, 17, 100; Nausicaa as, 17, 27, 38, 100; Penelope as, 17, 38, 63, 79, 100–101, 118; Sirens as, 17, 100 Dido, 18 disguised god, motif of, 70–71 Eidothea, 8–9 Elpenor, 56 Enkidu, 58 Eumaeus: compared to Polyphemus, 68, 80; episode, 68–74; as surrogate for Odysseus, 75–76; and trickster, 94–96 Eurykleia, 36, 37, 41, 111 Eurymachus, 106, 109 Eurynome, 37, 105, 106 Felson, Nancy, viii gender: in Greeks’ view of human experience , 14–15, 27, 36, 48; in the plot of the Odyssey, 36–37; in Polyphemus episode, 52 Gergen, Kenneth, 124 Gilgamesh, 58, 61 Hades: episode in, 57–61; as feminized space, 60; journey to as mythic paradigm, 57–58 Hector, 87 Helen, 112, 113; her memories of Odysseus, 8; her treatment of Odysseus at Troy, 27, 38 Hephaestus, 87 Hera, 88 Herakles, 60 Hermes: as agent of Athena, 94; as centripetal, 90; embassy to Calypso, 13–14; in the Homeric Hymn to Hermes , 88–90; as male liberator, 48, 99; as trickster, 85, 91 Homeric Hymn to Hermes, 85, 88–90 homophrosyne, of Odysseus and Penelope , 112–14 hospitality: as a guide to moral worth, 5, 30; as a method of control, 30, 64; Zeus as guardian deity of, 30 Hyde, Lewis, 84, 85, 91, 92 identity, and fame, 10, 63; and naming , 24, 63 Ithaka, disorder in, 3–6 Joyce, James, 122; his Ulysses, 125 kalyptô: thematic use in book 5, 20–22; used by Penelope, 110 katabasis, 59–60 Kermode, Frank, 42, 64 kleos: and death, 16; as isolating, 74, 103; and memory, 22, 91; and nostos , 58, 63; of Odysseus, 30 knowledge: as power, 40, 45, 63 Laertes: and Odysseus, 32–33, 96, 104–5 Laestrygonians, 49 Leukothea, 20–21 Lotus Eaters, 49, 117 Maia, 88, 90 Marduk, 50 memory: and order, 19, 22 Menelaus: compared to Odysseus, 9, 12; his con‹nement in Egypt, 8 Mentes, 5 Murnaghan, Sheila, viii, 35–36, 102 narration: levels of in Odyssey, 121–23 nature: and culture, 14, 22; as feminine , 14, 22 142 index Nausicaa: as detaining woman, 17, 27, 38, 100; and Penelope, 48, 107 Nestor: his memories of Odysseus, 7–8 oblivion, as threat to Odysseus’ identity , 24 Odysseus: his absence, effect of, 4–5; as agent of change, 53, 91, 93–94; as agent of death, 47–49, 53; background in the Iliad, 3, 123; bathing by women, 27, 38; as beggar, 69, 95; as bringer of pain, 49...