Future Medicine: Ethical Dilemmas, Regulatory Challenges, and Therapeutic Pathways to Health Care and Healing in Human Transformation

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. Michael H. Cohen, Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Legal Boundaries and Regulatory Perspectives, 2 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998). 2. Cohen 1998, 2. 3. William G. Rothstein, American Physicians in the Nineteenth Century: From Sects to Science (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972). 4. Cohen 1998, 15–23. 5. Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg, “The Persuasive Appeal of Alternative Medicine,” 129 (12) Ann. Int. Med.1061 (1998). 6. David M. Eisenberg, R. C. Kessler, C. Foster, F. E. Norlock, D. R. Calkin, and T. L. Delbanco, “Unconventional Medicine in the United States: Prevalence , Costs, and Patterns of Use,” 328 N. Eng. J. Med. 246, 256 (1993). 7. See Miriam S. Wetzel, David M. Eisenberg, and Ted. J. Kaptchuk, “Courses Involving Complementary and Alternative Medicine in U.S. Medical Schools,” 280 JAMA 784 (1998); David M. Eisenberg, R. B. Davis, S. L. Ettner, S. Appel, S. Wilkey, Maria Van Rompay, and R. Kessler, “Trends in Alternative Medicine in the United States, 1990–1997: Results of a Follow-up National Survey ,” 280 JAMA 1569 (1998). 8. Alternative Medicine: Expanding Medical Horizons (A Report to the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical Systems and Practices in the United States), (Sept. 14–16, 1992), xi–xxiii (the “Chantilly Report”). 9. Chantilly Report 1992, xi–xxiii. 10. Nutr. Bus. J. 3 (Oct./Nov. 1998). 11. See Cohen 1998, 96–101. 12. Minn. Stat. S. 145A. 13. Eisenberg et al.1998. 14. Julie Appleby, “HMOs Take Spiritual Approach: Alternatives to NoFrills Image,” USA Today, 1A (May 5, 2000). 15. Ted J. Kaptchuk, “Historical/Cultural Perspectives” (paper presented at Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Implications for Clinical Practice and State-of-the-Science Symposia, Harvard Medical School Department of Continuing Education, Mar. 12–15, 2000, Boston, Mass.). 319 16. Wilk v. American Medical Association, 719 F.2d 207 (7th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 467 U.S. 1210 (1984), on remand, 671 F. Supp. 1465 (N.D. Ill. 1987), aff’d, 895 F.2d 352 (7th Cir. 1990). 17. Phil B. Fontarosa and George D. Lundberg, “Alternative Medicine Meets Science,” 280 JAMA 1618 (1998). 18. Marcia Angell and Jerome P. Kassirer, “Alternative Medicine: The Risks of Untested and Unregulated Remedies,” 339 N. Eng. J. Med. 839 (1998). 19. Ted. J. Kaptchuk, “Intentional Ignorance: A History of Blind Assessment and Placebo Controls,” 72 Bull. Hist. Med. 389 (1998). 20. Wendy A. Weiger, Michael Smith, Heather Boon, Ted J. Kaptchuk, Mary A. Richardson, and David M. Eisenberg, “Advising Patients with Cancer Who Seek Complementary/Alternative/Integrative Medical Therapy: An Evidenced -Based Approach,” Ann. Int. Med. (submitted 2002), Michael H. Cohen and David M. Eisenberg, “Potential Malpractice Liability Associated with Complementary and Integrative Medical Therapies,” 136 Ann. Int. Med., 596–603 (2002). 21. Michael H. Cohen, Beyond Complementary Medicine: Legal and Ethical Perspectives on Health Care and Human Evolution, 37–45 (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000); Edzard E. Ernst and Michael H. Cohen, “Informed Consent in Complementary and Alternative Medicine,” Arch. Intern. Med. 161 (19): 2288–92 (2001). 22. Cohen 2000, 71–87. 23. The group maintains a website at . 24. See . 25. See . 26. Cohen 2000, 80–83. 27. Cohen 2000, 81. 28. Cohen 2000, 81. 29. As one author puts it: “Great healers . . . do not cure by chance but by exact knowledge. Fully understanding the control of life energy, they project a stimulating current into the patient that harmonizes his own flow of life energy. . . . Within the gross vibration of flesh is the fine vibration of cosmic current , the life energy, and penetrating both flesh and life energy is the most subtle vibration, that of consciousness.” See Paramahansa Yogananda, Scientific Healing Affirmations, 13–14 (Los Angeles: Self-Realization, 1990), quoted in Judith Cornell, Mandala: Luminous Symbols for Healing, 29 (Wheaton, Ill.: Quest Books, 1994). 30. The author thanks Malcolm Riley for this distinction. 31. Chantilly Report 1992, 134. 32. Cohen 1998, 39–55. 33. Roger Walsh and Frances Vaughan, “On Transpersonal Definitions,” 25 J. Trans. Psych. 2 (1993). The website for the Association for Transpersonal Psychology is at . 34. Cohen 2000, 71–73. 35. C. Norman Shealy and Caroline Myss, The Creation of Health: Merging 320 • Notes to Pages 4–18 Traditional Medicine with Intuitive Diagnosis (Walpole, N.H.: Stillpoint Publishing , 1988). 36. George Gallup Jr., “Americans More Religious Now than Ten Years Ago, but Less So than in 1950s and 1960s” (Mar. 29, 2001); available at . 37. Larry Dossey...