Intercollegiate Athletics and the American University: A University President's Perspective

Notes

Notes Chapter 1 1. Rick Telander, The Hundred-Yard Lie: The Corruption of College Football and What We Can Do to Stop It (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), 24. 2. William C. Friday and Theodore M. Hesburgh, Report of the Knight Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics, March 1991–March 1993 (Miami: John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, 1993), 8. 3. Murray Sperber, College Sports, Inc. (New York: Henry Holt, 1990). Chapter 2 1. This was also when my wife and I first arrived in Ann Arbor. 2. The strategy of using special student fees to finance athletic facilities that the students would later have to purchase tickets to attend is a time-honored practice in intercollegiate athletics. It is but one example of the sleight of hand used to disguise the institutional subsidy of varsity sports. 3. Many others simply observed that only at Michigan would a basketball arena be named after a former football coach, Fritz Crisler. In fact, the hockey arena is also named after a Michigan football coach, Fielding Yost. 4. Bo Schembechler and Mitch Albom, Bo (New York: Warner Books, 1989). 5. Murray Sperber, College Sports, Inc. (New York: Henry Holt, 1990). 6. Mitch Albom, Fab Five (New York: Warner Books, 1993). 7. Someday Michigan hopes to do the same for men, but the accounting system used to measure gender participation will not allow it as long as king football continues to suit up one hundred players a game. But more on this in a later chapter. Chapter 4 1. Murray Sperber, Onward to Victory: The Crises That Shaped College Sports (New York: Henry Holt, 1998). 2. Andrew D. White, in Ronald A. Smith, Sports and Freedom: The Rise of Big-Time College Athletics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 74. 3. Quoted in Walter Byers with Charles Hammer, Unsportsmanlike Conduct: 327 Exploiting College Athletes (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995), 40. 4. Murray, Sperber, “In Praise of Student Athletes: The NCAA Is Haunted by Its Past,” Chronicle of Higher Education, January 8, 1999, p. A76. 5. Carnegie Foundation report, in Sperber, Onward to Victory, 30. 6. Robert Hutchens, in Sperber, Onward to Victory, 37. 7. American Council on Education and Sanity Code, in Sperber, Onward to Victory, 363–68. 8. Murray Sperber, Shake Down the Thunder: The Creation of Notre Dame Football (New York: Henry Holt, 1993). 9. Murray Sperber, College Sports, Inc. (New York: Henry Holt, 1990), xi. 10. The site devoted to Michigan athletics is . Chapter 5 1. John Henry Newman, The Idea of a University (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996); Jacques Barzun, The American University (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968). 2. John Immerwahr, The Price of Admission: The Growing Importance of Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education, spring 1998). 3. Joseph L. Dionne and Thomas Kean, Breaking the Social Contract: The Fiscal Crisis in Higher Education, Report of the Commission on National Investment in Higher Education (New York: Council for Aid to Education, 1997). 4. David W. Breneman, Joni E. Finney, and Brian M. Roherty, Shaping the Future: Higher Education Finance in the 1990s (California Higher Education Policy Center, April 1997). 5. Cyril O. Houle, Governing Boards (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1989). 6. Clark Kerr and Marian L. Grade, The Guardians: Boards of Trustees of American Colleges and Universities: What They Do and How Well They Do It (Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards, 1989). 7. Clark Kerr and Marian L. Grade, The Guardians. 8. Donald Kennedy, “Another Century’s End, Another Revolution for Higher Education,” Change, May/June (1995), 8–15. 9. “Renewing the Academic Presidency: Stronger Leadership for Tougher Times,” Report of the Commission on the Academic Presidency (Washington , D.C.: Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges , 1996), 9. 10. William C. Friday and Theodore M. Hesburgh, Report of the Knight Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics, March 1991–March 1993 (Miami: John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, 1993), 5. 328 • NOTES TO PAGES 71–101 Chapter 6 1. Walter Byers with Charles Hammer, Unsportsmanlike Conduct: Exploiting College Athletes (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995). 2. Big Ten BICIA, in Murray Sperber, Onward to Victory: The Crises That Shaped College Sports (New York: Henry Holt, 1998). 3. Sperber, Onward to Victory, 174. 4. Mike McGraw, Steven Rock, and Karen Dillon, “Money Games: Inside the NCAA,” Kansas City Star, October 5–10, 1997...