Negotiating Empire: The Cultural Politics of Schools in Puerto Rico, 1898–1952

List of Illustrations

Illustrations Figures “School Begins,” January 1898 37 “Uncle Sam’s New Class in the Art of Self-Government,” August 1898 41 “America’s Greatest Gift to Porto Rico—the Public School, Caguas,” ca. 1900 46 La escuela del maestro Cordero, Francisco Oller, 1891 61 Celestina and maestro Rafael 67 Celestina as burden to maestro Rafael 68 “Directiva de la Asociación Local de Maestros” (The advisory board of the local teachers’ association), 1925 78 “Hermanos Irizzary” (The Irizarry brothers), 1925 99 Schoolchildren dancing a minuet in Carolina, Puerto Rico, 1927 110 Racial types, 1926 136 “Porto-Rican boy,” 1926 139 A schoolroom in a rural school, Cidra, Puerto Rico, January 1938 159 Children coming home from school on a road near Manatí, Puerto Rico, December 1941 168 Tables Table 1. Schools, teachers, and students, 1910–1940 72 Table 2. Teachers by gender, 1920 and 1930 73 Table 3. Ponce schoolteachers, 1920 73 Table 4. San Juan schoolteachers, 1920 74 Table 5. Teachers by gender and age, 1920 75 x Illustrations ...