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193 ac­ cul­ tu­ ra­ tion, 90–91, 104, 113 ac­ ti­ vism, 4, 43, 45, 77 Adams, Ab­ i­ gail, 112 Adams, John, 144–45 Agui­ lera, Jaime ­ Roldós, 38, 160n21 alien/al­ ien­ ated, 4, 14–15, 19–20, 51–53, 55, 66, 68–71, 141–43 al­ le­ giance, 16, 69–73, 74, 109 Al­ li­ ance for Prog­ ress, 40; U.S. de­ vel­ op­ ment aid, 40 Alves, Cas­ tro, 26 Amado, Jorge, 12, 26, 160n13­ American/Brit­ ish rock and roll, 22, 47n49, 151–52; The Beat­ les, 22; 48; The Byrds, 48; Carly Simon, 48; Ca­ role King, 48; Cat Ste­ vens, 48; Cre­ dence Clear­ wa­ ter Re­ vi­ val, 48; ­ Crosby, ­ Stills, and Nash, 48; James Tay­ lor, 48; Janis Ian, 48; The Mamas and the Papas, 48; The Tur­ tles, 48­ American cit­ i­ zen­ ship, 61, 63, 72–74, 91, 107­ American folk music, 48–49; Bob Dylan, 48; Joan Baez, 48; Pete ­ Seeger, 48; Peter, Paul, and Mary, 48; Phil Ochs, 48; Ron­ nie Gil­ bert, 48; Simon and Gar­ fun­ kel, 48; The Weav­ ers, 48; Woo­ die Guth­ rie, 48­ American hol­ i­ days, 18, 72, 85, 115, 164n3; Christ­ mas, 20, 81, 86, 100; Thanks­ giv­ ing, 18, 81, 100­ American Rev­ o­ lu­ tion, 94, 170n1 Am­ puero, Ro­ berto, 38 “Ap­ e­ sar de Você,” 46, 163n39 Ap­ u­ leyo Men­ doza, Pli­ nio, 38­ Árbenz ­ Guzmán, Ja­ cobo, 34, 160n16 Arch­ di­ o­ cese of Re­ cife and ­ Olinda, 43­ Arendt, Han­ nah, 61 Ar­ gen­ tina, 7, 16, 29, 38, 46, 135, 158n3 Arias San­ chéz, Óscar, 38, 160n20 Arms ­ Fisher, ­ Williams, 121–22 as­ sim­ i­ la­ tion, xi, 24, 92, 145, 169n23; seg­ mented as­ sim­ i­ la­ tion, 92, 169n22 baby boom­ ers, 47–48, 79, 99, 150–51 Bache­ let, Mi­ chelle, 34–36, 160n17 Ban­ deira, Ma­ nuel, 26 Bar­ bosa, Ruy, 26 Bar­ roso, Pau­ rillo, 26­ Belaúnde Terry, Fer­ nando, 34, 160n16 Ber­ ger, Peter, 61 Berry, Wen­ dell, 12 bi­ cul­ tu­ ral, xi, 78, 105, 121, 133 bi­ lin­ gual, xii, 86–87 birth­ place, 51–52, 72, 134, 140­ Bolaños, Ro­ berto, 38 Bo­ livia, 31, 38, 127, 128, 130 brain drain, 65 Bra­ zil, xii, 3, 14, 17–18, 21, 29, 39, 41, 43, 52, 56–57, 58–59, 64–66, 73, 84, 86, 91–94, 97, 104, 109, 122, 129–30, 132–33, 135, Index Note: Page num­ bers in ital­ ics in­ di­ cate il­ lus­ tra­ tions. 194 Index Bra­ zil (continued) 140, 143, 145–48, 153n4; Bra­ zil­ ian cul­ ture, 15, 21, 25–26, 83–84, 143, 177n54; Bra­ zil­ ian hol­ i­ days, 85–86; Bra­ zil­ ian im­ mi­ grants, 33, 54–60, 62, 82, 85, 91– 92, 107–8, 118, 128–30, 136–40, 143–44, 147, 152, 164n3, 165nn14–15, 170n6, 176n37, 176n44 ; Bra­ zil­ ian in­ tel­ lec­ tu­ als, 37; Bra­ zil­ ian jei­ tinho, 106, 108; Bra­ zil­ ian mid­ dle ­ classes, 44–45; Bra­ zil­ ian North­ east, 4, 8–12, 9, 13–14, 16, 21–22, 26, 37, 39, 131, 150, 154n16, 156nn25–26; co­ lo­ nial pe­ riod, 5–6; im­ mi­ gra­ tion to Bra­ zil, 6–8; pat­ ron­ age ­ system, 53–55, 164n2; plan­ ta­ tion cul­ ture, 8–12; ­ Vargas’s re­ gime, 16, 30, 155n19. See also Re­ cife Bra­ zil­ ian Prot­ es­ tant­ ism, 16; Bra­ zil­ ian Con­ fed­ er­ a­ tion of Ev­ an­ gel­ i­ cal ­ Churches, 16­ Brooks, David, 167n2 Brown, Rob­ ert ­ McAfee, 155n22 Brown, Ster­ ling Allen, 12 Bu­ arque, Chico, 46, 163n39 Ca­ bral de Melo Neto, João, 12, 24 Cal­ deira, Jorge, 170n3 Cald­ well, Ers­ kine, 12 Car­ ni­ val, 15, 86 Cath­ o­ lic, 5, 10, 16, 20, 44, 53, 71, 83–84, 155n18; Arch­ di­ o­ cese of São Paulo, 162n31; Cath­ o­ lic ­ Church/Ca­ thol­ i­ cism, 17, 43–44, 84, 151, 155n18; Cath­ o­ lic cul­ ture, 5, 15, 19, 83–84; Cath­ o­ lic faith, 6, 20, 44, 82, 155n18 Car­ doso, Fer­ nando Hen­ rique, 36, 38, 160n16 child­ hood, 3, 13, 20–21, 23, 27, 43, 47, 49–51, 54, 59, 64, 78, 84, 86, 89, 92, 94, 121, 123–24, 133, 151, 156n25 Chile, 27, 29, 31, 34–36, 38, 69, 128...

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