-
2. Introductions and Occupations
- University of Wisconsin Press
- Chapter
- Additional Information
2. Introductions and Occupations 2.1 Subject pronouns 2.2 Present tense of verbs, introduction 2.3 Present tense of the verb ‘to be’ 2.4 Gender of nouns 2.5 Interrogatives 2.6 Conjunctions Мило ми е што се запознавме! Здраво! Јас се викам Бранко Наумовски. Ученик сум. Мајка ми се вика Лилјана. Таа е Македонка. Татко ми се вика Танас. Тој е Македонец. Брат ми се вика Стојан. Сестра ми се вика Билјана. Таа е студентка. Ние сме во Торонто. Ние сме Канаѓани. Баба ми се вика Елена. Таа е од Буф во Егејска Македонија. Дедо ми се вика Петре. Тој е од Битола. Тие се Македонци. Вежба 1: Одговорете на следниве прашања Answer the following questions: 1. Од каде е баба Елена? 2. Од каде е дедо Петре? 3. Од каде сте вие/си ти? 4. Како се вика дедо ви/ти? 5. Од каде е мајка ви/ти? 6. Како се вика татко ви/ти? 2.1. Subject pronouns Singular Plural 1st person јас I ние we 2nd person ти you вие you 3rd person тој таа тоа he she it тие they Macedonian, unlike English, but similar to other European languages, has two different words for ‘you’. Ти is used when addressing close friends, children, animals, and God. Вие is used when addressing elders, teachers, and people with whom you are not acquainted. The usage roughly corresponds to our first-name basis, namely, if you would address someone by first name, you probably will address them as ти, but if you address them by last name and title, e.g. Dr. Markovski, Prof. Ivanovska, you will address that person by Вие. The Вие form is also used to address more than one person, cf. ‘you guys’, or ‘you all’ in colloquial English. 11 2 ♪ Лекција 2 12 2.2 Present tense of verbs, introduction Macedonian verbs agree with their subject, i.e. there are special endings for I, you (sg.), he/she/ it; we, you (plural and polite), and they. In the next chapter we will introduce the three different conjugation patterns in the present tense. In this chapter you will only work with two verbs, се вика ‘to be called’ and the irregular verb сум ‘to be’, introduced in the next section. Because Macedonian has lost the infinitive, i.e. the form corresponding to ‘to be’, ‘to be called’, most verbs are listed in the third person singular ‘he/she/it’ form. The only exception is the verb сум which is listed in the first person ‘I’ form. More details will be given in the next lesson. For this lesson, you will work with verb forms for се вика. Note that in this verb се is a special invariant reflexive particle. You will learn many Macedonian verbs that are composed of this particle and the verb. јас се викам ние се викаме ти се викаш вие се викате тој/таа/тоа се вика тие се викаат Because the Macedonian verb itself signals who is the subject of the verb, the personal pronouns are generally omitted. The pronouns are used if the pronoun is being stressed in some way or in the third person if it is not clear from context who is the subject of the verb. 2.3 Present tense of the verb ‘to be’ јас сум ние сме ти си вие сте тој таа тоа е тие се Again, as with the verb се вика ‘to be called’ above, notice that each person has its own special form of the verb. This is not so in English, compare: Ти си тука. Ние сме тука. Вие сте тука Тие се тука. You are here. We are here. You are here. They are here. In English the verb are stays in the same form in the plural. In the sentences below the Macedonian forms are clear who the subject is, while the English verbs aren’t: Тука сме. Тука сте. Тука се. are here. [who is?] Forms of the verb ‘to be’ do not usually occur as the first word in a sentence. The sentence ?Сум во Торонто, for example, is ungrammatical and sounds strange to native speakers. [34.201.122.150] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 20:33 GMT) 13 Лекција 2 Вежба 2: Пополнете според примерот: Fill in according to the example: Пример: Ти си Бранко. 1. Тие____ тука. 6. Дедо Петре ____ од Битола. 2. Ние ____ тука. 7. Баба Калина и јас ____ Македонци. 3. Ана ____ Македонка. 8. Jас ____ од Егејска Македонија. 4. Вие ____ во Буф. 9. Ти и Драгана ____ од Македонија. 5. Бранко и Стојан ____ во Торонто. 10. Тој ____ студент. 2.4 Gender of nouns The noun is a grammatical term that has been traditionally defined as the name of a person, place or thing. In fact, the term is broader and covers also words designating concepts and actions, e.g. beauty, running. In English, gender is, for the most part, based on reality, and is grammatically marked only in the third-person singular pronouns. This means that in English male beings are masculine and referred to as he, female beings are feminine and referred to as she and everything else is neuter and is referred to as it. In Macedonian, as in French, German, Spanish, Russian and many other languages, nouns have grammatical gender; that is, each noun is considered masculine, feminine or neuter. You must know the gender of each noun since gender helps determine the form of the definite article, the form of the plural, the shape of adjectives, pronouns and some verb forms. In Macedonian, nouns belong to one of three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine or neuter. Gender of the noun is usually determined by the final letter of the word. Most exceptions are masculine nouns ending in a vowel designating male relations, male proper names, or occupations. 2.4.1...