Macedonian: A Course for Beginning and Intermediate Students

Contents

v Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction to the Third Edition xiii 1. Macedonian Pronunciation and the Macedonian Alphabet 1 1.1 The Macedonian alphabet 1 1.2 Notes on the alphabet and pronunciation 2 1.3 Stress (accent) 5 1.4 Cognates 7 1.5 Alphabetical order 8 1.6 Writing Macedonian 8 2. Introductions and Occupations 11 2.1 Subject pronouns 11 2.2 Present tense of verbs, introduction 12 2.3 Present tense of the verb ‘to be’ 12 2.4 Gender of nouns 13 2.5 Interrogatives 15 2.6 Conjunctions 17 3. Actions and Attributes 25 3.1 Plural of masculine and feminine nouns 26 3.2 Adjectives 28 3.3 Plural of adjectives 30 3.4 Present tense of verbs 31 3.5 Negation of verbs 33 3.6 има/нема 35 3.7 Numbers 0–20 36 4. Daily Routines 43 4.1 Adverbs 45 4.2 Plural of neuter nouns 45 4.3 Quantitative plural 47 4.4 Demonstrative adjectives 48 4.5 Definite articles 49 4.6 Definite direct objects and clitics 52 4.7 Possession 55 4.8 Conjunctions 56 5. Food 65 5.1 Definiteness of adjective plus noun phrases 69 5.2 Direct object pronouns 71 5.3 Prepositions with personal pronouns 75 5.4 Introduction to да constructions 75 vi Contents 5.5 The invariant verb може in да constructions seeking permission 78 5.6 во vs. на 79 5.7 Forms of ‘whose’ 80 5.8 Conjunctions и . . . и, или . . . или, ни . . . ни 80 6. Music 89 6.1 Indirect objects 90 6.2 Indirect and direct object clitics 93 6.3 Uses of на 95 6.4 Verbal aspect 96 6.5 Future constructions 99 6.6 Future tense of сум 102 6.7 Subordination with дека 103 6.8 Relative clauses, introduction 103 7. Cities, Giving Directions, Skopje, Free Time 111 7.1 Comparatives and superlatives 114 7.2 Possessive pronominal adjectives 116 7.3 Embedded questions and indirect questions 119 7.4 Imperatives 121 7.5 Auxiliary verb треба 128 7.6 Numbers 0–100 129 7.7 Telling time, introduction 132 8. Education, Invitations 141 8.1 Aorist, introduction 146 8.2 Days of the week 154 8.3 Telling time, continued 155 8.4 Review of subordinate clauses 159 8.5 Relative clauses, continued 162 8.6 Intransitive verbs with се 166 9. Vacations, Birthdays, and Other Celebrations 173 9.1 Aorist, continued 178 9.2 Verbal nouns, introduction 180 9.3 Hundreds, thousands, millions, billions 181 9.4 Numbers designating male human beings and mixed gender groups 182 9.5 Months of the year 184 9.6 Ordinal numbers 184 9.7 Dates 185 9.8 Verbs of liking 188 9.9 Order of clitics, review 189 9.10 Diminutives, introduction 190 9.11 Vocative 190 vii Contents 10. Weather 201 10.1 Imperfect 207 10.2 Proximate and distance forms of the definite article 211 10.3 Interrogatives, pronominal adjectives, and adverbs of quantity and quality 213 10.4 Impersonal constructions 218 10.5 Imperatives, continued: да and нека constructions 219 11. Appearance, Character 229 11.1 Colors, clothing, relatives 232 11.2 Expectative conditionals 237 11.3 Perfective imperfect and future-in-the-past 241 11.4 Indirect speech, introduction 248 11.5 Verbal nouns, continued 250 11.6 Verbal adverbs 252 11.7 Word formation 254 12. Health 265 12.1 Verbal l-forms and formation of the l-past 271 12.2 Approximate numbers 279 12.3 The emphatic verb нејќе 280 12.4 Compound conjunctions: без да, за да, пред да 280 12.5 The conjunction штом 281 12.6 The verbal prefix по- and the verbs of ‘lying,’ ‘sitting,’ ‘standing’ 282 12.7 Aorist, continued 283 12.8 Reflexive verbs 283 13. Housing 293 13.1 Comparisons continued and the prefix пре- 294 13.2 Hypothetical constructions with би 300 13.3 Overview of conditionals 304 13.4 Admirative and dubitative 306 13.5 Indirect speech, continued 308 13.6 Suppositional or reported forms of perfective imperfect constructions 311 13.7 The use of треба with nominal subject 312 13.8 Optatives 313 14. Geography of Macedonia, Travel 321 14.1 Verbal adjectives 324 14.2 Word order 333 14.3 Passive constructions with се 335 14.4 Conjunctions дури (да, не), додека (да, не) 338 15. Wedding Customs, Sports, Arts 353 15.1 Има perfect 356 15.2 Dependent form of masculine personal names 359 15.3 Aspect distinctions and imperfective derivation 362 viii Contents 15.4 Introduction to verbal prefixes 364 15.5 Prefixes for ‘some’, ‘no-’, ‘every-’, e.g. ‘someone, no...