Policing America’s Empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of the Surveillance State

Index

637 Abadilla, Rolando, 406 –7, 410, 412, 426, 455, 456, 458, 465 Abaya, Hernando J., 358 –59 Aberca v. Ver, 408 –13 Abu Ghraib prison, 5, 528 Abu Sayyaf, 443 –45, 454, 466 –67, 489, 511–16, 518 Acheson, Dean, 418 Acop, Reynaldo, 505 Acop, Romeo, 462 Adajar, Eduardo, 195 Afghanistan, 40, 45, 515 agent provocateur tactics, 16, 26, 29, 180, 191, 193, 295 –96, 311 Aglipay, Gregorio, 79, 106 –9, 180, 192, 358, 360, 361–62 Agoncillo, Felipe, 287 Aguinaldo, Emilio, 6, 32–33, 66 –68, 72, 110, 129, 140, 154, 287, 349 –50, 360–62 Aguinaldo, Rodolfo, 405, 406, 407, 410, 412– 13, 442 alarms, as security technology, 24, 28, 61, 73 Alcid, Gregorio M., 262, 263, 265, 356, 366 Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB, New People’s Army), 444 Alfonso, Major, 160 Allen, Henry T.: and Aglipay’s IFI, 107–9; Bellairs (Edgar) and, 116; and Cavite controversy , 132–33, 135, 139, 140–42; as constabulary chief, 59, 85 –91, 126 –28, 142; Filipinization and, 86 –91, 116, 233; intelligence as specialty of, 26, 27, 76, 88, 104 –5; Quezon (Manuel) as subject of surveillance and protection by, 109 –11, 145, 228; and Samar campaign, 126 –27, 130–32 Almario, Marciano, 367–68 al-Qaeda, 9 –10, 445, 466, 514, 519, 529, 535 Alqueza, Dictador, 460 Alsa Masa (anti-Communist death squad), 438, 439, 441–42 Alston, Philip, 517, 538 Altavas, Jose, 101 Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network (ABS-CBN), 483, 506 –7 Alunan, Rafael, 365 –66, 367–68 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 39, 334 American colonial regime, Philippines: American party politics and, 269 –73; civil regime, transition to, 75, 82–83, 239 –40; as dyarchy of military and civil authorities, 84; as environment for scandal, 46 –47, 96 – 104, 115 –21, 124 –25, 203 –4, 240, 270; epistomology of, 44 –45; Filipinos as subjects rather than citizens under, 41, 62, 95 –96; international relations and, 18 –19; and invention of the surveillance state, 16, 35 –36, 519 –20; legitimation as concern of, 53 –55, 62, 66, 416; local government formation under, 75; Manila Municipal Board as de Index Illustrations are indicated by italic page numbers. Abbreviations used in subheadings can be found on page xv–xviii. American colonial regime (continued) facto extension of, 239 –40; martial law during, 68, 69, 82–86, 92; personal information as political leverage in, 102–3, 124, 158, 271; policing during (see colonial policing ); propaganda efforts of, 66; reform agenda for education, health, and justice systems,62,65 –66,68;Spanish-American War and acquisition of Philippines, 4, 15, 18, 27, 63 –66, 77, 88, 95, 117, 178, 209; super ficial approach to colonial knowledge by, 43 –44 American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), 298 – 99, 300 American Protective League (APL): abuse of power by, 303, 304, 305 –6; anti-labor activities of, 303, 309 –11, 314, 315, 316; and BI, 301–4, 306, 307, 310, 314, 315; civil liberties and,301–2,304;corporateinterestsserved by, 302–3; dissolution of, 307; founding and organization of, 293, 301; as inept, 302, 304 –6; as MID adjunct organization, 303, 307–8, 311, 314, 315, 316, 345; as racist and xenophobic,302;recruitmentof operatives by, 302–3; “slacker raids” and, 303, 307; Van Deman (Ralph) and, 293, 300–308, 318, 345 American Sugar Refining, 255, 260 AmericanTelephoneandTelegraph(AT&T),22 Amnesty International, 404, 407, 517 amphetamines. See drugs Anaconda Copper, 310–11 Andang, Ghalib (“Commander Robot”), 466 Anderson, Benedict, 20 Ang, Charlie “Atong,”477–81 Angeles, Edwin, 444 –45, 466 Angeles, Pablo, 355 Ang Kim Suy, 356 Anti-Smuggling Action Center (ASAC), 386 Antonio, Alberto “Ambet,”449 Aquino, Benigno “Ninoy,”Jr., 382, 391, 395, 414; Abadilla (Rolando) at trial for assassination of, 426 Aquino, Corazon: Abu Sayyaf and, 444 –45, 454;counterinsurgencyandcounterterror forces and, 436 –43; Estrada (Joseph) and, 492; gambling and, 53, 433 –34, 447–48, 450–51; Kuratong Baleleng and, 443; legitimation crises and, 434; Marcos’s martial law policies perpetuated by, 436 –37, 441– 43, 445, 450; Mendiola massacre and, 433; “People Power I” and election of, 19, 414 – 16; police power linked to executive power by, 14, 433 –34, 436; police reforms and, 435 –36, 446 –47, 450; Ramos (Fidel) as adviserto ,436,453,454;RedScorpionGroup and, 444; and restoration of democracy, 433 –35; salvaging and military massacres during administration of, 443; “total war” stance of, 440–43; U.S. support of, 19, 434, 438, 449 –50 Aquino, Michael Ray, 456, 459, 462, 463, 464, 485, 494, 501, 503, 504 –5, 508 Araullo...