Historical Evidence and Argument

Notes

NOTES Chapter 1 Galileo to Benedetto Castelli, 21 December 1613, in Galilei, Lettere, 105. Marston, Wanton Angel, 238. 1See, e.g., Anderson, Zone of Engagement, 279-375. 2Mill, History of British India, 1:xxiv. 3Acton, Lectures, 315. 4Langlois and Seignobos, Introduction, 275, emphasis added. 5Ibid., 91, emphasis added. 6Erichsen, “Tendency,” 314. The phrase “the final limit” recurred several times in Erichsen’s address. 7Maxwell, “Introductory Lecture,” 2:244. For the twentieth century see Silverstein, “‘End is Near!’” 8Michelson, Light Waves, 123-24. For the travails of this comment and its variants see Henige, “Mis/adventures,” 130-33. 9See Badash, “Completeness.” That these symptoms pervaded society can be seen from a prediction at the time that “the automobile has practically reached the limit of its development is suggested by the fact that during the past year no improvements of a radical nature have been introduced.” Scientific American 100/1(January 1909), 6. 10Sextus Julius Frontinus, Stratagems, 218. 11Lemche, “Early Israel,” 10. 12Leroy, Interchangeable Course, 127v. For similar thoughts from the time see Henige, “‘Truths Yet Unborn’.” Chapter 2 Pawson, Some By Fire, 80, emphasis and ellipses in original. Reade, “Assyrian Eponyms,” 261. 245 1For Ramanujan’s work and its reception see Kanigel, Man Who Knew Infinity. 2It is the last that distinguishes “belief” from “ideology.” 3 Forced to choose, I’ve adopted the male personal pronoun throughout in light of the fact that at the moment only about 30 percent of the procession are women. 4If nothing else, this would reduce the number of scholars about whom Joseph Lister wrote: “I remember at an early period of my own life showing to a man of high reputation as a teacher some matters which I happened to have observed. And I was very much struck and grieved to find that, while all the facts lay equally clear before him, only those which squared with his previous theories seemed to affect his organs of vision.” Lister, “Graduation Address,” 283. 5Morison, “Faith of a Historian,” 263. 6See, e.g., Henige, “Samuel Eliot Morison.” 7Gilliard, “Apostolicity,” provides a convenient summary of the demolition work performed on the French episcopal lists. 8Owen, “Socrastical wisdome” (vi.39) in idem., Latine Epigrams. 9Art de vérifier les dates, 1:xxvii-xxxvi. Even more estimates preceded this, for which see Poulouin, Temps des origines, 450-51. 10Greenway, “Dates in History,” 127. 11William of Malmesbury, Gesta, 1:17. 12Leigh, Foelix Consortium, 34. 13Harvey, Discoursive Probleme, 34. 14Wiseman, “Forum,” 3. 15For some criteria determining inclusion and exlusion in the list of officially countenanced popes see Mercati, “New List.” 16Berkeley, Three Dialogues, 48-49. 17Narain, Indo-Greeks, viii. 18For ruminations on how much criticism is acceptable in cases involving non-athletes, see Evans, Lying About Hitler, 237-66. 19Gleach, “Controlled Speculation,” 21. 20E.g., Appleby, Hunt, and Jacob, Telling the Truth, Evans, In Defence of History; Windschuttle, Killing of History; McCullagh, Truth of History. 21Haskell, “Objectivity is not Neutrality,” 132. 22Bopearachchi, “Indo-Parthians,” 391n. 23Turnbull, Fear of Drowning. Chapter 3 Barnes, History of the World, 245-46. Plato, Apology, 21d. 1Goedicke, “Abydene Marriage,” 182, emphasis added. 2Keightley, “Ping-ti Ho,” 409-10. 3Thornton, “Historian,” 45. 246 ❖ Notes to Pages 5–17 4Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, I.iii.109. 5Almost alone among global historians, for instance, Fernández-Armesto, Civilizations, treats history as almost entirely contingent. 6Lebow, “What’s So Different?” 551. 7VHB, back cover, emphasis added. 8Livy, History, IX.xvii-xix. For the latest treatment see Morello, “Livy’s Alexander Digression.” 9This is really no different than novels whose protagonists spout views the authors hold while antagonists do not, allowing the novel to present a fictional world more congenial to its author than the real one. 10Toynbee, Some Problems, 441-86. 11Cowley, “Introduction,” xiii. 12McNeill, “Infectious Alternatives.” McNeill’s piece exemplifies a game-within-thegame , taking the most obscure, possibly mythical, examples and wringing cataclysmic significance from them. 13Hassig, “Immolation of Hernán Cortés,” 138. Further collections of examples are What Might Have Been/Cowley and What Ifs? 14Bulhof, “What If?,” discusses this, but still argues for carrying the procedure farther. 15But popular! In the WorldCat international bibliographic database are more than 400 titles that begin with the words “what if” and undoubtedly many more in other languages. Recent and useful discussions include Lebow, “What’s So Different?;” Bunzl, “Counterfactual History;” and Evans et al., “Counterfactual History.” Bunzl speaks as a philosopher, but coherently. Of particular interest should be...