Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Ancient World

Index

abortion, 32 Acro, 193, 194 Acrocorinth, 65 Acroteleutium, 260–62 acting (theater): infamis status of actors, 255–56, 269–71; prostitution associated with, 7, 16–17, 252–71 Adad, 81 adultery: in ancient Israel, 42–43, 45, 53– 55, 82; in Aristophanes’ Lysistrata, 196; Augustan law and, 169; conflated with prostitution, 45, 50, 193–94; as female specific, 25; as metaphor for political or religious infidelity, 53–55; in Plato’s Symposium, 169; prostitution as defense in charges of, 131, 136nn15–16, 256; punishments for, 55, 129, 192–93; as “theft,” 25; togate women and, 192– 94, 196 Aeschines: on beauty, 148–49, 158– 59nn30–32; on free hetairai vs. pornai, 102; hierarchy and, 146, 151 Against Neaira (Demosthenes), 12. See also Neaira Against Timarchus (Aeschines), 11, 12–13, 102, 103–4, 126–27, 139–60 Agathon, 285 age: of consent and citizenship, 141, 147, 151; Old Comedy and depictions of, 222n1; prostitute’s career limited by, 106, 241, 267; Roman Comedy and, 264–65; senex amator as rival for affections of courtesan, 249n46, 261; young men as vulnerable to courtesans, 239, 249nn46–47, 257–58, 259; young vs. old wives in Lysistrata, 207–14, 220–22 agency, women as sexual free agents, 25, 28, 29–30, 35, 145 agkhisteia, 118n56 Ahab, 47 Aidin, 86 Akilisenê, 79 akrasia, 143–44, 157–58nn16–18 Alce, 128–29, 133 Alcibiades, 285 Alcmene, 212 alcohol, 229, 233–34, 238, 240; alcoholism and prostitution, 251n51; as occupational hazard, 241; skolion, 85; temperance (enkrateia), 141 AlexanderofMacedonia,68,75n34,153–54 aliens. See foreigners or aliens alsos, 85 amator, in Ovid’s Amores, 226–27, 232–35, 244n19, 248n38, 251n51 ambivalence toward prostitution, 47, 57n15, 96, 171, 268 Amores (Ovid), 199–200, 224, 225–28, 232– 41, 244n19, 248n38, 251n51 Amos (Hebrew Bible), 43–44 333 Index Note: This general index includes subjects, names, and words discussed in the text. Speci fic textual references can be located using the index locorum that follows. amphidromia, 134 Anaïtis, 79 anathema, 86, 87 Anatolia, 40, 87 andreion, 279, 283 andreiotatê, 217 andres (sing. anêr), 279 Androcles, 133 androgyne, 284 Andromache, 128 antikrousis, 159–60n40 Anu, 28 anxiety, free women as source of male, 224–51 aphanês ousia (invisible property), 97 Aphrodisia, 105 Aphrodite, 8, 9, 120n82, 165–66, 210, 215; dedications to, 106; dedicatory monuments to, 65; Ouranian vs. Pandemian, 286; Phryne linked to, 70–71; prostitution and, 83, 99, 116n33 Aphrodite Melanis, 85 Apis, 79 Apollo, dedicatory monuments at Delphi, 10, 60–61, 67–71, 74n22 Apollodorus, 125–33, 136–37n15, 138n27 apophora, 106 Apophoreta (Forberg), 3 apophugôn (m.), apophugousa (f.), 120n85 Aquinas, 172 Arabic, 56n2 Aramaic, 56n2 Ara Pacis Augustae, 190, 191 Archedamus III, 68 arête, 141 Argyrippus, 228, 242–43n4, 245n25, 246n29, 246–47nn33–35, 249n45, 250n49 Aristeas of Proconnesos, 70 aristocracy, Aeschines on, 145, 148–51, 159n30 Aristogeiton and Harmodius, 149–50, 278 Aristophanes: Clouds, 119n75, 277, 285; Hymn to Eros, 275; Plato and, 285. See also Lysistrata (Aristophanes) Aristotle: ad hominem argument and, 136; on need to control women, 281; rhetorical strategies and, 141, 155, 156n5; on slavery, 104 Armenians, 79 arrhephoroi, 67 Artemis Brauronia, 74, 212, 220, 223n14 Artemona, 228 aselgeia, 125, 128, 143 Asherah, 83 Asinaria (Plautus), 16, 224, 225, 233, 240, 241–42, 242n4, 245n25, 249n45, 250n50, 258 Aspasia, 90, 220, 223n13 Assante, Julia, 24, 26, 81 assinnu kurgarru, 80 Assyria and Assyrians, 21–22, 24, 26, 46, 54–55, 78, 81, 83 Astaphium, 249n46, 264 Astarte, 82–83 astê, 134, 136n10, 137n25, 138n27 Astour, Michael, 83 Athena:dedicationsto,104,106;asfounding goddess, 212, 222n7; Lysistrata linked to, 209–10, 213; prostitutes and, 100 Athenaeus, 9, 59, 65–69, 84–85, 86 Athens: attitude toward commerce in, 96, 124n124; “citizen” prostitution in, 96, 129–30, 291n16; citizenship in, 96, 129– 30, 134, 141, 291n16; complexity of erotic practices in, 96, 291n22; “democraticreform ”andprostitution,99–100; erotic conventions as “complex” in, 96; humanism or philanthropism in, 111, 123n119; legitimacy or legality of prostitution in, 99, 116nn31–32; marriage and marital status in, 134; as patriarchal “in theory,” 120n86; prostitution aslegalin,140;self-control(sôphrosunê) as Athenian ideal, 141, 145, 147–48, 151, 157n16; “slavish” employment (jobs) as demeaning, 100–101; stereotypes of women in, 208; women’s religious roles in, 212–13, 220–21 atimia, 133, 140 Attic vase paintings, 4 334 Index Baal (as “the Baals” and Baal-berith), 51...