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It has been a privilege to work on these translations. It is never easy to render older writings into modern English, but I have tried to approximate the style and, most importantly, the tone of the original poems from one of Norway’s most eminent poets. I have made use of some earlier translations from the 1920s, by I. Grøndahl and G. M. Gathorne-Hardy, in most cases with considerable alterations, in one or two staying with a good deal of the first translation. If this seems strange, it is a fact that new translations are necessary so that the linguistic changes that develop over time can be drawn on. A tired, out-dated style in the translation can ruin a reader’s appreciation of great work. Professor Frankie Shackelford of Augsburg University very kindly read the translations and made helpful suggestions. Anne Born Translator’s Note ...

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