The Assassination of Gaitán: Public Life and Urban Violence in Colombia

Notes

Notes Preface 1 Mario Vargas Llosa, "Is Fiction the Art of Lying?" in The New York Times Book Review, October 7,1984, p. 40. 2 Manuel Zapata Olivella, La calle diez (Bogota: Ediciones Casa de la Cultura, 1960); Jose Antonio Osorio Lizarazo, El dia del odio (Buenos Aires: Ediciones Lopez Negri, 1952). 3 Vargas Llosa, "Is Fiction the Art of Lying?" p. 40. Introduction 1 Elias Canetti, Crowds and Power (New York: Seabury Press, 1978). 2 Alexander W. Wilde, "Conversations Among Gentlemen: Oligarchical Democracy in Colombia," in Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, eds., The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, vol. 3: Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978), pp. 28-81; Richard E. Sharpless, Gaitan ofColombia: A Political Biography (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1978). 3 Some of the most enlightening articles from this school of thought are conveniently gathered in Howard J. Wiarda, ed., Politics and Social Change in Latin America: The Distinct Tradition (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1974); Wiarda's own more developed formulations are in Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder: Westview Press, 1981). See also Francisco Jose Moreno, Legitimacy and Stability in Latin America: A Study of Chilean Political Culture (New York: New York University Press, 1969); Claudio Veliz, The Centralist Tradition in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980). 4 Russell H. Fitzgibbon and Julio A. Fernandez, Latin America: Political Culture and Development, 2d ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981), p. 9. 5 Mauricio Solaun, "Colombian Politics: Historical Characteristics and Problems ," in R. Albert Berry, Ronald G. Hellman, and Mauricio Solaun, eds., Politics ofCompromise: Coalition Government in Colombia (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1980), pp. 9-20. 6 James L. Payne, Patterns ofConflict in Colombia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968). For an excellent review of the extensive literature on violence and conflict in Colombia, much of which blames these social phenomena on the collective personality of the Colombian people, see Paul Oquist, Violencia, conflicto y politica en Colombia (Bogota: Instituto de Estudios Colombianos, Biblioteca Banco Popular, 1978), pp. 21-35. The English version was published 207 208 Notes to Pages 5-10 in 1980 by Academic Press in New York as Violence, Conflict, and Politics in Colombia. 7 Glen Caudill Dealy, The Public Man: An Interpretation of Latin American and Other Catholic Countries (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1977). 8 William B. Tayloroffers a perceptiveanalysisofLatin American historiography that is sensitive to the recent dialectical promise of this "dependency perspective " and points us beyond its contributions to a more holistic or, as he puts it, "connected" study of the Latin American past. See his "Between Global Process and Local Knowledge: An Inquiry into Early Latin American Social History, 1500-1900," in Olivier Zunz, ed., Reliving the Past: The Worlds of Social History (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985) pp. 115-90. 9 Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1959), and Totalitarianism (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1968); Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man: On the Social Psychology of Capitalism (New York: Vintage Books, 1978); Albert O. Hirschman , Shifting Involvments: Private Interest and Public Action (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982). Hirschman, of course, is one of those rare contemporary scholars who bridge time, geography, and theory and fact and are constantly searching for solutions to the problems we face. His classic Journeys Toward Progress, published in 1963 by the Twentieth Century Fund in New York City, continues to be a valuable source for Latin Americanists. 10 This is Gino Germani's definition of a "modern" society. The insightful comments on Latin American populism and European fascism of Latin America's premier sociologist are presented in his Authoritarianism, Fascism, and National Populism (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1978). The passage quoted is from p. 6. 11 Steve Stein, Populism in Peru: The Emergence of the Masses and the Politics of Social Control (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980), pp. 15-16. For other studies of populism see Sharpless, Gaitan of Colombia; Torcuato S. di Tella, "Populism and Reform in Latin America," in Claudio Veliz, ed., Obstacles to Change in Latin America (London: Oxford University Press, 1965), pp. 47-75; Gino Germani, Torcuato S. di Tella, and Octavio Ianni, Populismo y contradicciones de clase en Latinoa1'l'1£rica (Mexico: Ediciones Era, 1973); Michael L. Conniff, ed., Latin American Populismin Comparative Perspective (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982). Two studies of populism that are sensitive to the class dimensions of...