Fascism: Comparison and Definition

Index

Index ABC, 123 Academic Karelia Society (AKS), 127 Acao Integralista Brasileira (AlB), 168-69, 169n Accion Revolucionaria Mexicana (ARM), 171 Action Francaise: synthesis of integral nationalism, 27; and Camelots du Roi, 27; attitude towards militia, 27-28; as example of neomonarchist authoritarian nationalism , 27-29; attitude towards religion , 28; political economy of, 28; foreign influence of, 28--29; mentioned, 12, 37, 106, 130, 144, 157 Adorno, Theodor, 184, 185 Africa: significance of defeat for Italy, 85; fascist doctrine of racism , 85-86; fascism in, 21G-ll; socialism in, 21G-ll; mentioned, 98 Aguirre Cerda, Pedro, 170 AlB. See Acao Integralista Brasileira (AlB) AKS. See Academic Karelia Society (AKS) Albinana: physician who organized Spanish Nationalist Party, 147n Alessandri, Jorge, 170 Alfonso XIII, King of Spain: visits Mussolini, 141; and Alfonsine monarchists, 143-44 Alianca Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA), 168, 197n Allardyce, Gilbert, 190 All Russian Fascist Party (of Russian Exiles in Manchuria), 164n ANI. See Italian Nationalist Association (ANI) Anti-Semitism: and German radical right, 31, 31n; Barresian view of, 37; DAP, 38; Italian Fascism, 53, 219 220 / INDEX Anti-Semitism (cont.) 194; Hitler's policy of, 67, 93; Mussolini advises Starhemberg to avoid, 109; in Hungary, 111, 112, 114; Polish National Democrats, 123; Grey Shirt movement, 166; MNS, 170 Antonescu, General Ion: attempts at compromise with Iron Guard, 118; creation of "Legionnaire state," 137; mentioned, 19, 115 APRA. See Alianca Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA) Arab National Union, 207 Arab socialism, 207 Arendt, Hannah, 96, 186, 187 Argentina: Uriburu introduces fascism to, 172; under Ongania, 203; mentioned, 172-75, 176, 203. See also Peron, Juan Argentine Fascist Party, 168 ARM. See Accion Revolucionaria Mexicana (ARM) Arrow Cross: principal ideas, 113; electoral support, 114, 114n; decline , 114-15; mentioned, 112, 117,199 Assault Guards, 109n Association of Estonian Freedom Fighters, 125 Ataturk, Kemal, 70 Aunos, Eduardo, 141 Austria: Pan-Germanism in, 29; early national socialism, 37-38; Austrian Socialists, 107; Austrian Nazis, 107, 108, 110, l1On; authoritarian nationalism, 107-10; Austro-Marxism, 197n, 201; Austria-Hungary, 204, 205; mentioned , 24, 32, 78, 106-11, 123, 151, 175, 198, 203. See also Heimwehren ; Fatherland Front Austro-Bohemian German Workers Party,38 Authoritarianism, 70 Authori~arian liberalism, 25-26 Authoritarian nationalism: confusion with fascism, 14-15; elements of right, 62-63; moderate elements, 63-64; elements of left, 64-65; rightist tendency in 1920s, 105 Averescu, Alexander, 106, 115 Baconnier, Firmin, 28 Bardeche, Maurice, 210-11n Barres, Maurice, 36, 37 Bastianini, Giuseppe, 192 BBWR (Nonparty Bloc for Cooperation with the Government), 123, 124 Beer-Hall Putsch, 55 Bela Kun. See Kun, Bela Belgian Labor Party, 133n Belgium, 135n, 136, 198 Bentham, Jeremy, 39 Bergson, Henri, 39 Bietry, Francois, 36 Black Hundreds, 29 Black Panthers, 209 Blueshirts, 127n Boer War, 166 Bohemia, 36, 37-38. See also Austria Bolivia, 171-72, 203. See also Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) Bologna, Italy, 50 Bolshevism, 47, 58, 103, 183 Bonapartism, 178, 180, 180n Boris III, tsar of Bulgaria, 119 Bottai, Giuseppe: fascist structure, 69; moderate position in PNF, 71; fights against Germany, 102 Boulanger, Georges Ernest Jean Marie, 35 Boulangism, 35 Bourgeois, Leon, 24 Bracher, Karl D.: revolutionary qualities of National Socialism, 99; mentioned, 190, 196 Brasillach, Robert, 28, 134n Brazil: Polish influence, 124; fascism , 168--69, 198; Vargas's Estado Novo, 169, 203. See also A!;iio Integralista Brasileira (AlB) Britain. See England Bruning, Heinrich, 63 Bucard, Marcel, 15, 132 Bulgaria, 119 Bulgarian Agrarian Union, 120 Bund der Landwirte. See German Landowners' League Business Party (Deutsche Wirtschaftspartei ), 63 Calles, Plutarco Elias, 171 Calvinism, 167 Calvo Sotelo, Jose, 144 Cambodia, 98, 208-9 Camelots du Roi, 27 Camisas viejas, 153 Camp of National Unity (OZN), 124 Carli, Mario, 71 Carlism: neomonarchist authoritarianism , 29; revitalization of, 143; compared with Mexico, 171; mentioned, 197n Carol II, King of Romania, 115, 11718 Cartel des Gauches, 131 Cassels, Alan, 188, 197-98 Castro, Pimenta de, 40, 70 Catholicism: and corporatism, 23, 24; Action Fran~aise, 28; Catholic Center, 63; National Catholic sector , 110; Poland, 123, 150; Vichy regime, 137n; Spain, 143; A~iio Integralista Brasileira, 168; and fascist regimes, 202 CEDA. See Spanish Confederation of Autonomous Rightist Groups (CEDA) Cedillo rebellion, 171 Cerda, Aguirre Pedro. See Aguirre Cerda, Pedro Chaco conflict, 171 Chavez, Cesar, 209-10 INDEX 1221 Chiang Kai-Shek, 165. See also China; Kuomintang (KMT) Chicano movement, 209-10 Chile: Nacismo, 169-70; Popular Front, 170; Allende, 201; regime classification, 203 China, 104, 165-66, 208 Chinese Blue...