Native Seattle: Histories from the Crossing-Over Place

Notes

NOTES 1 / The Haunted City 1. Only a handful of North American places use Native imagery to market themselves as explicitly as Seattle does. The American Southwest, and especially Santa Fe, have a long history of using local (and other) Indian motifs. Vancouver, Victoria, and many other British Columbian places have used Northwest Coast imagery for a long time. For studies of these two regions and their employment of Native iconography, see Leah Dilworth, Imagining Indians in the Southwest: Persistent Visions of a Primitive Past (Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1996); and Michael Dawson, Selling British Columbia: Tourism and Consumer Culture, 1890– 1970 (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2004). 2. William Kittredge, The Nature of Generosity (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), 8. While the term “place-stories” is mine, the concept is inspired by the work of others. E.g., see Keith H. Basso, Wisdom Sits in Places: Landscape and Language among the Western Apache (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996); Crisca Bierwert, Brushed by Cedar, Living by the River: Coast Salish Figures of Power (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1999), esp. 36–71; and Dolores Hayden, The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995). 3. Carol Lind, Western Gothic (Seattle: Lind, 1983), 2; Babs Babylon, “In the Dark: Casper Central,” Seattle Weekly, 26 October 1994, 59; Jessica Amanda Salmonson, The Mysterious Doom and Other Ghostly Tales of the Pacific Northwest (Seattle: Sasquatch Books, 1992), 3–12, 91–102, 137–42; and personal communications with Jay Miller and with Dana Cox, Seattle Underground Tours. 4. For the original printing of the speech attributed to Seeathl, see the 29 October 1887 edition of the Seattle Star. For reprintings and embellishments of the speech in local histories, see Frederick James Grant, History of Seattle, Washington (New York: American, 1891); Clarence B. Bagley, History of King County, Washington (Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1929); and Roberta Frye Watt, Four Wagons West: The Story of Seattle (Portland, OR: Metropolitan Press, 1931). See also Eric 2 5 7 Scigliano, “Shaping the City: A New Book Looks Over a Changing Urban Space,” Seattle Times Pacific Northwest Magazine, 10 November 2002. 5. For discussion of the Chief Seattle Speech and its various interpretations and uses, see Rudolf Kaiser, “Chief Seattle’s Speech(es): American Origins and European Reception,” in Recovering the Word: Essays on Native American Literature, ed. Brian Swann and Arnold Krupat (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987), 497–536; Vi Hilbert, “When Chief Seattle Spoke,” in A Time of Gathering: Native Heritage in Washington State, ed. Robin K. Wright (Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1991), 259–66; Denise Low, “Contemporary Reinventions of Chief Seattle: Variant Texts of Chief Seattle’s 1854 Speech,” American Indian Quarterly 19, no. 3 (1995): 407–22; Albert Furtwangler, Answering Chief Seattle (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997); and Crisca Bierwert, “Remembering Chief Seattle: Reversing Cultural Studies of a Vanishing American ,” American Indian Quarterly 22, no. 3 (1998): 280–307. 6. Jean-Claude Schmitt, Ghosts in the Middle Ages: The Living and the Dead in Medieval Society, trans. Teresa Lavender Fagan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 1; Judith Richardson, Possessions: The History and Uses of Haunting in the Hudson Valley (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), 3–6; Renée Bergland, The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2000), 3; and Marian W. Smith, The Puyallup-Nisqually (New York: Columbia University Press, 1940), 97. 7. Timothy Egan, The Good Rain: Across Time and Terrain in the Pacific Northwest (New York: Vintage Books, 1990), 90. 8. Jack Cady, Street: A Novel (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994), 13, 25; Tom Robbins, Still Life with Woodpecker (New York: Bantam Books, 1980), 69, 132; Jonathan Raban, Hunting Mr. Heartbreak: A Discovery of America (New York: Edward Burlingame Books, 1991), 261–62. 9. Cady, Street, 34–36; Sherman Alexie, Indian Killer (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1996), 195, 409. 10. Grant Cogswell and Rick Levin, “Screw the Space Needle: Seattle’s True Landmarks,” Seattle Stranger, 21 September 2000, 38–39; Emily Baillargeon, “Seattle Now: A Letter,” New England Review 20, no. 2 (1999): 148; and Brian Goedde, “Visions of the Ave: Despite Fears of Failure, the U-District’s Heart Is Still Beating,” Seattle Real Change, 20 September 2001, 8–9. 11. For examples of urban pictorials, see John W. Reps, Panoramas of Promise: Pacific Northwest Towns and Cities in Nineteenth-Century...