217 Notes Introduction: History, Ecology, and the Politics of Pests Epigraph: “Clean Up,” by Arthur Corwin, M.D., c. 1916, originally appeared in Clean Living (May 1916): 2. The archive is the Chicago Municipal Reference Collection. 1 Domestic advice writers, exterminators, and entomologists disputed the value of many products that claimed to kill bedbugs. See, for example, Laura Thorne Hunter, Domestic Pests: What They Are and How to Remove Them (London: John Bale and Sons, 1938), 40; and Michael Potter, “The History of Bedbug Management—with Lessons from the Past,” American Entomologist 57 (2011): 14–25. 2 Some very poor households in the United States experienced continuing bedbug infestation despite claims about “eradication” during the mid-twentieth century. See Robert Usinger, Monograph on Cimicidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera ) (College Park, Md.: Entomological Society of America, 1966), 169; and Young Lords Party and Michael Abramson, Palante: Young Lords Party (New York: McGraw Hill, 1971), 140–41. 3 David J. Moore and Dini Miller, “Field Evaluations of Insecticide Treatment Regimens for Control of the Common Bedbug, Cimex lectularius,” Pest Management Science 65 (2009): 332–38. 4 Norwood Tenants Association, “Norwood Tenants Say, ‘We’re Not Leaving ,’” Press Release, July 11, 2007, online at http://www.norwoodtenants. org/2007/07/norwood-tenants-say-were-not-leaving.html, accessed on December 28, 2010. 5 For discussion of thermal bedbug treatments, see William Quarles, “Thermal Pest Eradication in Structures,” IPM Practitioner 28, no. 5–6 (2006): 1–8. 6 Patricia Simms, “Bedbug History Can Haunt Renters,” Capitol Times (Wisconsin ), August 21, 2006. 7 Maril Hazlett, “The Story of Silent Spring and the Ecological Turn,” PhD diss., University of Kansas, 2003; and Maril Hazlett, “‘Woman vs. Man vs. Bugs’: Gender and Popular Ecology in Early Reactions to Silent Spring,” Environmental History 9 (2004): 701–29. 8 Among the pesticide histories most important for this study are James 218 Notes Whorton, Before Silent Spring: Pesticides and Public Health in pre-DDT America (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975); Thomas Dunlap, DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981); Edmund Russell, War and Nature: Fighting Humans and Insects with Chemicals from World War I to Silent spring (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001); Pete Daniel, Toxic Drift: Pesticides and Health in the Post–World War II South (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005); Linda Nash, Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006); Hazlett, “Story of Silent Spring and the Ecological Turn”; Hazlett, “Woman vs. Man vs. Bugs”; James McWilliams, American Pests: The Losing War on Insects from Colonial Times to DDT (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008); and Frederick Davis, “Unraveling the Complexities of Joint Toxicity of Multiple Chemicals at the Tox Lab and the FDA,” Environmental History 13 (2008): 674–83. For histories focused on mosquitoes or mosquito-borne disease, see Gordon Patterson, The Mosquito Crusades: A History of the American Anti-Mosquito Movement from the Reed Commission to the First Earth Day (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2009); and Eric Carter, Enemy in the Blood: Malaria, Environment, and Development in Argentina (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2012). 9 Several geographers and historians have documented complexities such as these in the history of pest control. See, for example, Eric Carter, “Development Narratives and the Uses of Ecology: Malaria Control in Northwest Argentina, 1890–1940,” Journal of Historical Geography 33 (2007): 619–50; Edmund Russell, “Speaking of Annihilation: Mobilizing for War against Human and Insect Enemies, 1914–1945,” Journal of American History 82 (1996): 1505–29; and Ian Shaw, Paul Robbins, and J. P. Jones. “A Bug’s Life and the Spatial Ontologies of Mosquito Management,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 100 (2010): 373–92. 10 McWilliams, American Pests, 4. 11 For discussion of some of the emotional strains and toxic dangers of household work, see Harriet G. Rosenberg, “The Home Is the Workplace: Hazards, Stress, and Pollutants in the Household,” in Wendy Chavkin, ed., Double Exposure: Women’s Health Hazards on the Job and at Home, 219–45 (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1984). 12 Barbara Boyd, “Natural History in Housekeeping,” Washington Post, January 21, 1911. 13 For discussions of the home’s place in public and private life, especially as it relates to environment and health, see Alyson Blunt and Robyn Dowling, Home (London: Routledge, 2006); Liz Bondi, “Gender, Class, and Urban Space:PublicandPrivateSpaceinContemporaryUrbanLandscapes,” Urban Geography19(1998):160–85;LouiseCrabtree,“SustainabilityBeginsatHome? An Ecological Exploration of Sub/Urban Australian Community-Focused...