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247 indEx Abdelrahman, Maha, 195–96 Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP). See Turkey: Justice and Development Party Agamben, Giorgio, 32 al-Nimr, Abu al-‘Ala, 197, 202 Amazigh. See Berber Anatolia, 18–19. See also Kurd; Turkey Anderson, Benedict, 212–13 Arab Spring, 186 Arafat, Yasir, 83, 85 Asad, Talal, 155 Aşçı, Behiç, 69–70, 72 Bar-On, Arnon, 76–77 Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi (BDP). See Turkey: Peace and Democracy Party Ben-Gurion, David, 96, 99, 117 Berber: activism, 176–86; Agadir Charter, 179; Amazigh Manifesto, 181–83; language, 176, 179, 181, 183, 185, 186; Royal Institute of Amazigh Culture (IRCAM), 176, 180, 183–86; secularism , 181. See also Morocco Bourdieu, Pierre, xi, 9, 32 Britain, 79 British colonialism, 91, 95, 143–57, 211, 213–14 Brubaker, Rogers, 109 Catholicism, 51–54, 58 Chafik, Mohamed, 180–84 Chazzan, Naomi, 135 Chirac, Jacques, 46, 53 Christianity, 46, 50, 53, 103, 135, 142, 154, 155 citizenship: in Egypt, 189–204; in Israel, 76, 80, 82, 88, 97, 109, 137; in Japan 165–68; in Malaysia, 142–43, 152; state-in-society approach to, 17–18, 27, 92, 190. See also personal status system Clinton, Bill, 46, 50 colonialism: British, 91, 95, 143–57, 211, 213–14; European, 151; French, 178; in India, 143–55; and Islamic law, 143–57; in Malaysia, 143–57; state-insociety approach to religious law and, 143. See also postcolonialism Confucianism, 162 Cover, Robert, vii, 9, 143 Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (CHP). See Turkey: Republican People’s Party Dahan-Kalev, Henriette, 107 democracy: in Israel, 77–80, 82–83, 87, 92, 109–10, 113–14, 117–18; in Japan, 162–75; state-in-society approach to, 161–62, 172–74; and totalitarianism, 159, 168 Demokratik Sol Parti (DSP). See Turkey: Democratic Left Party East India Company, 148–49. See also India education, 42, 62, 71, 85, 123, 152, 178–79, 248 Index education (continued) 185; and secularism, 46–56 Egypt, 30, 84, 91, 148, 151, 210; academic activism, 197–98; citizenship, 189–204; Constitution, 197–98; dual nationality, 201–3; Islam, 198; National Council for Motherhood and Childhood, 196; National Council for Women, 196, 198; National Democratic Party, 194; public activism , 198–201; state bureaucrats, 192; state image, 190, 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 203; women’s movements , 195–97 Ekinci, Tarık Ziya, 29 el-Abed, Oroub, 192 Elias, Norbert, xi Espanioly, Nabila, 127, 129, 131–33, 136–37 Europe, ix, 46, 58, 93, 106–7, 109, 125, 151, 192 European Union, 39, 55 feminist theory: identity-as-difference, 121–26, 129, 130, 132–33, 138; standpoint , 121–26, 128, 130–33, 138, 211. See also gender; women’s movements Foucault, Michel, 9, 27, 38, 60 France: colonialism, 178; Council of State, 52–53, 57; Islam, 49, 52–54; League of Education, 52–53; National Front, 53; secularism, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51–54, 57, 58; Socialist Party, 52; Union for French Democracy , 53 Gaza, 82, 84. See also Israel; Palestine; West Bank gender: in Israel, 92, 94, 102, 105, 110, 112–13, 116–17, 119; in Japan, 162, 168–72. See also feminist theory; women’s movements Halkın Emek Partisi (HEP). See Turkey: People’s Labor Party Harris, Ron, 96 Hartsock, Nancy, 123, 130, 131, 138 Hinduism, 148–49, 153 Hirshberg, Haim, 99 Holocaust, 96, 106 human rights activism, 30, 32, 39, 60, 69, 71, 93, 178, 197 India, 91; Hastings Plan, 149; Islamic law and colonialism, 142–55, 211; Perak War, 149–50. See also East India Company Inglehart, Ronald, 169 Iraq, 25, 130, 213–15 Ireland, 151 Islam: in Egypt, 198; in France, 49, 52–54; in India, 143–55; in Israel, 88, 93, 103–4; law and colonialism 142– 57; in Malaysia, 142–57; in Morocco, 178, 180–81; in Turkey, 35, 40, 55–56, 58. See also Qur’an; Sharia Israel: 1967 War, x, 79, 122, 136; Achoti, 111–12, 116–19; al-Ard, 81, 83, 86; al-Fanar, 134; Arab Democratic Party (ADP), 88; Arab nationalism, 77–89; Arab Progressive Movement, 86; Arab Socialist Party, 81; Balad, 88–89; citizenship, 76, 80, 82, 88, 97, 109, 137; Declaration of Independence , 78; democracy, 77–80, 82–83, 87, 92, 109–10, 113–14, 117–18; Gaza, 82, 84; gender, 92, 94, 102, 105, 110, 112–13, 116–17, 119; Hadash, 86–88; Haifa Feminist Center, 128–29; Haifa Feminist Coalition, 134, 137; Hatikvah Foundation, 111–12, 114–19; Isha L’Isha, 129–39; Islam, 88, 93, 103–4...

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