Parallel Destinies: Canadian-American Relations West of the Rockies

Index

Abbey, Edward, 261–62, 263 Alaska, 4–5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 20, 82, 93, 208; defense of, 16, 182, 183, 189, 195; and disputes over salmon, 155, 166, 172; wilderness in, 247, 253 Alaska Highway, 16, 184–85, 186, 194, 208, 211 Alberta, economic conditions in, 108–9; and Italian immigrants, 108 Aldridge, W. H., 136–38 Algonquin Provincial Park (Ontario), 253, 255 Allard, Ovid, 52, 53, 55 annexation of Canada by U.S.: American proposals for, 276, 279– 80, 284–286; Canadian attitudes toward, 276, 278–79, 280–81, 285–86, 290. See also Manifest Destiny anti-Americanism in Canada, 117, 274– 75, 284, 288, 290; among Italian immigrants, 117; and political conservatism, 277–79, 285–86 Artibise, Alan, 210–11 Ashton, E. C., 184, 187 Atwood, Margaret, 257, 258, 261 Baker, James, 127–28, 136 Bancroft, H. H., 226, 237, 238 Bernardy, Amy, 109–10 Biggar, O.M., 189–90, 193 Biological Board of Canada, 165–66 borders, xiii-xiv, 3, 8–9, 221; and bureaucracy, 203, 208–9; creation of, between Canada and U.S., 7–8, 12–13; and demographic mobility, 207–8; enforcement of, between Canada and U.S., 8–9, 14–15, 16–17; histories and, 223–38; meaning of, for Americans, 4, 18, 19; meaning of, for Canadians, 4, 7, 18, 19, 104–5, 117; meaning of, for immigrants, 104–18; permeability of, 15, 33–34, 65–66, 94–95, 105; and scholars, vii-ix, 4, 5–6, 104–5, 123–4; significance of, in late twentieth century, 203. See also nation-states; Native peoples borderlands, ix-xii, xiii-xiv, 6, 281–82; in the Canadian and American West, xi-xii, 3–4, 21–22, 276; Mexican-American, 5–6. See also Cascadia; integration of western Canada and U.S. boundary. See borders Britain, 222–23, 276, 279, 280–81, 284, 286, 287; American criticisms of, 227–28; and Canadian identity, 274, 277, 289–90; and colonization of North American West, 11–13, 231–36; index 297 and defense of Canada, 181–82, 184, 186, 188, 196; Royal Navy of, 93, 94; and salmon diplomacy, 163. See also Hudson’s Bay Company British Columbia, 4–5, 15, 17, 19–20, 155, 172, 182–84, 225; attitudes toward corporations in, 132–33; economic conditions in, 108–9, 123–41; gold rush to, 14, 31–66; historiography of, 233, 237–38; and Italian immigrants, 107–8; politics in, 125, 132–34; and salmon diplomacy, 163; similarity of to U.S., 253; wilderness in, 253–54; wilderness advocacy in, 253–54 Calgary, 111, 113, 114 California: influence of on American Northwest, 212–13; influence of on British Columbia gold rush, 33–34, 40–41 Canada: identity of in relation to U.S., 259, 260–61; identity and myths of, 124, 139–40, 255, 257, 259, 261, 278; migrants from, to U.S., 80–82, 207, 275; as prospective military enemy of U.S., 182. See also anti-Americanism in Canada; British Columbia; Canadian national policy; diplomacy ; immigration across U.S.– Canada border; liberalism in Canadian politics; nation-states Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement, 6, 19, 203. See also North American Free Trade Agreement Canadian national policy, 141, 275; effects of on attitudes toward railroads in British Columbia, 125, 128–30 Canadian Pacific Railroad, 108, 109, 298 Index 124–41, 164; attitudes toward in British Columbia, 130–31, 132–34, 138–39; as Canadian symbol, 139–40 capitalism, 141, 205–6, 274; and borders , 123–24; Native peoples’ response to, 95–96; and salmon fishery, 158–61. See also British Columbia; commerce; extractive industry; labor; salmon fishery; unions Carson, Rachel, 255, 263 Cascadia, x, 7, 19, 118, 203, 204–5, 209– 13, 237 cities, and cross-border regionalism, 211–13 Civil War (U.S.), and Canadian confederation, 280–81 Clallam, 89, 91, 94 Cold War, and Canadian-American relations, 288–89 Coleman, Alberta, 112, 113, 115 Columbia River, 205, 225–26 Columbia River chinook, 166, 167–68, 169 commerce, 15; among Native peoples, 11; cross-border, 6, 203, 210–11, 279, 284–86, 287–88 Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada (Cominco), 110, 137, 139 Corbin, D. C., 127, 135 Crerar, H. D. G., 189–90 diplomacy: during Cold War, 288–89; and defense of West Coast (1934– 42), 181–96; and disputes over salmon, 155–75 Douglas, James, 40, 41, 42, 49–50, 62–65 Duncan, William, 88, 90, 92–93 Dunsmuir interests, attitudes toward in British Columbia, 132, 133, 134 Ecotopia, 19...