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BOOK 11: 480 – 451 B.C.E. 1. The preceding book, the tenth overall, concluded with the events of the year immediately prior to Xerxes’ crossing into Europe and the public speeches delivered in the General Assembly of the Hellenes at Corinth to discuss an alliance between Gelon [of Syracuse] and the Greeks [481; all dates are b.c.e. unless otherwise noted].1 In the present book we shall fully narrate the subsequent course of events, beginning with Xerxes’ expedition against the Hellenes and concluding with the year before the Athenians’ expedition to Cyprus commanded by Cimon [451]. [2] When Calliades was archon in Athens [480/79], the Romans elected [Varr. 486] Spurius Cassius [Vicellinus] and Proculus Verginius Tricostus [Rutilus] consuls.2 The 75th Olympiad, in which Astylos of Syracuse won the stadion, was celebrated at Elis.3 It was in this year that Xerxes launched his expedition against Greece, for the following reason. [3] The Persian Mardonius was Xerxes’ cousin and kinsman by marriage, and because of his intelligence and bravery, enjoyed high esteem among his fellow-countrymen. This man, being high in his own conceit and at the peak of his youthful 1. The embassy was to solicit Gelon’s aid against Persia. Gelon had seized Syracuse in 491 and had immense reserves of wealth and manpower. He refused to help, ostensibly because denied a share in the command, in fact because he was already threatened by Carthage . His victory at Himera (480) made him virtual lord of all Sicily: 11.20–26. 2. For Diodorus’ chronology, see Introduction, p. 4. The discrepancy between his archontic (correct) and his consular dates is due to his consulting consular Fasti that did not list various interregna when there were no consuls. Diodorus is thus here seven years ahead of the Roman (Varronian) chronology and so remains until ch. 41.1. From ch. 48.1 until ch. 91.1, the gap is reduced to six years, at which point it increases to seven once more. 3. The actual celebration of the 75th Olympiad coincided with the defense of Thermopylae (Hdt. 7.206), one alleged reason for Sparta’s allies sending only advance parties up north at the time. 0 20 40 60 miles Akanthos Aigina Aigeai Eion Torone Skione Mende Potidaia Amphipolis Philippi Methone AITOLIA Ambrakia Anaktorion Aphytis Athens Nisaia Mt. Athos BOIOTIA Kirrha Corinth Koroneia Krane Kyllene KYNOURIA Kythera Dion Lamia Chalkis Elateia Aulis Oropos Drabeskos Nemea Ennea Hodoi Erythrai EUBOIA Gigonos Haliartos Halieis Herakleia Edessa Larissa Herakleion Chaironeia Orchomenos Histiaia Artemesion Chalkis HYDRA Iolkos Kekryphaleia Kenchreai Krisa LAKONIA LAKONIC GULF Lechaion Leukas LEUKAS Leuktra Messene I O N I A N S E A A E G E A N S E A Methana Mycenae Naupaktos Oiniadai Oinophyta Oloösson (Elasson) Pagasai PANGAIOS Patrai Pegai Megara Peparethos (Skopelos) PERRHAIBIA Pherai Pharsalos Phlious PHOKIS Plataia SARONIC GULF THERMAIC GULF Sikyon SKIRITIS Gulf of Torone Skiathos Sollion SPHAKTERIA Sybota Thebes Thermon Same Dodona Argos Thermopylai Amphissa Tiryns Troizen Zakynthos Pelion L. Lychnitis Pella Therme Ainia MACEDONIA Pydna CHALCIDICE Olynthos AKTE SITHONIA PALLENE E L I M E I A T E M P E M AGNES I A Gonnos Gomphoi THESSALIA TRACHIS DOLOPIA DORIS ACHAIA PHTHIOTIS Eretria Mt. Othrys LOKRIS LOKRIS CORCYRA Corcyra C H A O N I A EPIROS M O L O S S I S T H E S P R O T I A A M P H I L O C H I A ITHAKA KEPHALLENIA ERYMANTHOS ACHAIA KYLLENE GULF OF CORINTH Delphi Tanagra GERANEIA Eleusis Piraeus BELBINA Phaleron Marathon P A R N E S A T T I C A Salamis Argos Mantinea Megalopolis Orchomenos Olympia Elis A R C A D I A Lerna Gytheion Epidauros Asine E L I S T R I P H Y L I A Pylos Methone Epidauros Limera P A R N O N T A Y G E T O S M A K ARIA L. Boibe L. Xynias L. Kerkinitis L. Kopais Mt. Oita Mt. Ainos Mt. Parnassos Mt. Ithome Mt. Elatos C. Sounion C. Tainaron C. Malea L. Begorritis L. Bolbe P e t r a P a s s R . A x i o s R . S t r y m on Mt. Kissos Mt. Olympos Mt. Ossa H a l i a k m o n R . V o l u s t a n a P a s s R. Eurapos R. Peneios C. Sepias C. Posideion R . A...

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