Trust, Democracy, and Multicultural Challenges

Index

index Aboriginals, Canadian, 65 accented speech, 63–64 accountability mechanisms, 46, 68–69, 167n33 Adams, Gerry, 130 African Americans, and group distrust, 60–61, 103–4, 171n27 Ali, Ayaan Hirsi, 99–100 Allen, Danielle, 8 anti-Hispanic measures, 4–5, 102–3, 156, 161n14 Arbitration Act, 136 Arizona, anti-Hispanic measures in, 4–5, 102–3, 156, 161n14 Arneil, Barbara, 103–4, 171n27 attitude as element of trust, 23–24 evidence and building trusting, 30–32 survey research on trusting, 25–27 auditing mechanisms, 69 Baier, Annette, 86 Banfield, Edward, 56–57 Banting, Keith, 109 Barry, Brian, 109, 124, 174n33 behavior as element of trust, 20–22 predicting, and emergence of trust, 85–87 sanctions on, in public culture, 87–88 survey research on trusting, 25–27 belonging identity and, 169n36 and public culture, 77, 78, 80–83, 88–89 and severely divided societies, 117, 123 “belonging to a polity,” 80 betrayal and group distrust, 103–4 and sanctions on member behavior, 68 vulnerability to, 18–20, 142 Bissoondath, Neil, 108–9 Blair, Tony, 48 Boyd, Marion, 175n6 British National Party, 102 Burke, Edmund, 8, 44–46 Cameron, David, 157 Canada Canadian Aboriginals, 65 declining trust in, 110 minority accommodation in, 1–2, 3, 99–100, 108–9 Canadian Multicultural Act, 108–9 checks and balances, 51–52, 67–68 choice, trust as, 19–20 citizenship requirements. See also immigrants and immigration in Britain, 101 in Netherlands, 4, 135 as obstacle to naturalization, 171n18 as source of immigrant distrust, 6, 99 civil society organizations, 28–30, 164n37 climate of trust, 8, 25 clothing, culturally specific, 1–2, 98–99, 101, 103, 105, 170n9 coercive power and institutions, 39, 79 commonality, public culture and, 88–89 Communism, 169n25 compliance, voluntary. See voluntary compliance confirmatory bias, 31, 57, 164n45 constitutional protection of minority rights, 51–52 constraining institutions, 67–71 contact hypothesis, 172n37 cooperation and participatory rule generation, 145–46 and public culture, 88–89, 90, 91–92 in severely divided societies, 119–22 through monitoring, 143–44 through sanctions, 144–45 trust and, 170n39 trust-building and, 28, 133, 137–41, 154–55, 159 vulnerability mitigation and, 142–43 cultural exemptions, 104–6 cynicism, 56, 69, 165n18 190 || index delegate model of representation. See representation deliberation, 134, 146–52, 159, 176nn42, 53 deliberative democracy, 42, 164n1, 175n31, 176n53 democracy and democracies. See also public culture basic features of, 42 distrust and, 54–55, 61–66 electoral system and, 43–44 importance of trust in, 7–9, 38, 156–57, 164n1 minority protection and, 49–53 mistrust and, 54–55, 66–73 and political representatives, 44–49 and severely divided societies, 115–16, 124–31 as valuable good, 33 and voluntary compliance, 39–42 descriptive representation. See representation Diamond, Larry, 115 disappointment, vulnerability to, 18–19 disproportionate distrust, 63–64 distrust. See also group distrust cooperation and, 140, 144–45, 146 defined, 54–58 democracy and, 61–66 expressing, 167n43 versus mistrust, 58–61 and severely divided societies, 115, 122 vulnerability mitigation and, 142–43 diversity. See ethnocultural diversity divided societies. See severely divided societies dress, culturally specific, 1–2, 98–99, 101, 103, 105, 170n9 economic status, 166n14 electoral system cooperation and, 139–40 and majority rule, 126–27 manipulation of, 127–29 trust and, 43–44, 47–48 Elmenyawi, Salam, 3 encapsulated interest, 33, 47 English, and immigrant assimilation, 5 ethnicization, 170n1 ethnocultural diversity. See also minorities and democratic institutions, 5–6, 9 erosion of trust relations and, 12, 13 political representation and exclusion and, 102–6 public culture and, 134 and redistributive policies, 106–11 resource distribution and, 124–25 shared norms and, 98–101 and trust, 97–98 evidence and building trusting attitude, 30–32, 140 distrust and, 57–58 mistrust and, 59–60 exclusion, 88, 102–6, 151. See also inclusion exemptions, cultural, 104–6 expectations, 35, 112 facial coverings, 2, 101, 103, 105 federalism, 121, 173n16 Festenstein, Matthew, 164n1 Fiji, 128 fluidity, in public culture. See public culture foreign accents, 63–64 France, 2, 51, 165n21 free riding in distrusting environment, 62 public good and, 34, 139 and publicity condition, 150 in trusting environment, 61–62 and voluntary compliance, 39, 40–41 Fukuyama, Francis, 76, 168n2 Gambetta, Diego, 31 generalized trust, 17–18, 25–26, 48–49, 84, 123, 146. See also trust survey research on, 25–26 General Social Survey, 163n24 Gitlin, Todd, 109 good will, 10, 23, 86–87 Govier, Trudy, 57 group distrust African Americans and, 60–61, 103–4, 171n27 and political...