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notes Introduction 1. See, respectively, Goodhart, “Too Diverse?”; Sniderman and Hagendoorn, When Ways of Life Collide; and Zimmerman, “The English-Only Movement.” 2. Montpetit, “Quebec Martial Arts Team.” 3. Walker, “Muslim Woman Jailed.” 4. Bennhold, “Veil Closes France’s Door.” 5. See, for example, Cesari and McLoughlin, European Muslims; Klausen, The Islamic Challenge ; Laborde, “Secular Philosophy”; Laborde, Critical Republicanism; and Modood, Triandafyllidou , and Zapata-Barrero, Multiculturalism, Muslims, and Citizenship. 6. Hamilton, “Welcome!”; “No Stoning” (BBC News). 7. “No Stoning.” 8. Franks, “Obscure Object of Concern.” 9. Kiwan, “Journey to Citizenship”; Lowenheim and Gazit, “Power and Examination”; and Osler, “Testing Citizenship and Allegiance.” 10. Associated Press, “Film Exposes Immigrants.” 11. Hundley, “Dutch to Muslims.” 12. The power of this example is only somewhat muted by the fact that the offending images were, apparently, almost immediately censored for Muslim viewers. See Joppke, “Immigrants and Civic Integration,” 342. 13. Hamilton, “Welcome!” 14. Mackey,“ArizonaLaw.”SeealsoMedrano,“EthnicStudiesClassesIllegal”;andSanta-Cruz, “ArizonaBill.”Additionalanti-HispaniclawsareineffectorarebeingconsideredinArizona,among them a ban on teachers who speak with a foreign accent. See Jordan, “Arizona Grades Teachers.” 15. Navarrette, “Commentary.” The worry that the Anglo-Saxon heritage of the United States is threatened as a result of Hispanic immigrants is spelled out in considerable detail in Huntington, Who Are We? 16. D’Emilio, “Speak Our Language”; Goodman, “Integration Requirements”; and Goodman , “Controlling Immigration.” 17. Although many of the issues that are at stake in this book are a result of immigration that produces new and more diversity, my observations will also touch on the challenges posed by the presence of long-term cultural minorities, some of whom desire separation from the mainstream (e.g., Amish communities) and others who desire integration (e.g., Hispanic Americans). 18. For discussions, see Modood, “Is Multiculturalism Dead?,” and Vertovec and Wessendorf , Assessing the Backlash. 19. Rawls, Political Liberalism, 36. 20. Weinstock, “Problem of Civic Education,” 112. 21. Of course, victims of injustice and inequality, who are often in the minority, will feel a strong motivation to fight for justice and equality. 22. As I shall observe, there are important exceptions, including O’Neill, Question of Trust; Pettit, “Cunning of Trust”; Warren, “Democratic Theory and Trust”; and M. Williams, Voice, Trust, and Memory. 23. Hobbes, Leviathan, 202. For two additional accounts of the treatment of trust in the history of political theory, see Hollis, Trust Within Reason, and Maloy, “Two Concepts of Trust.” 24. Allen, Talking to Strangers, 97. 25. Locke, Second Treatise on Government, 70. 26. For a contemporary account of Burke’s theory of representation, see M. Williams, Voice, Trust, and Memory. 27. Uslaner, Moral Foundations; and Uslaner and Brown, “Inequality, Trust, and Civic Engagement .” See also Labonne, Biller, and Chase, “Inequality and Relative Wealth.” 28. Warren, “What Does Corruption Mean?,” and Warren, “Political Corruption.” 29. Some scholars refer to a “shared public culture.” Here, as a matter of definition, a public culture is shared. If it is not shared, it is not a public culture. 30. Levy, Multiculturalism of Fear, 5–6. 31. Deveaux, Gender and Justice; and Phillips, Multiculturalism Without Culture. 32. Quoted in Delacourt, “More Ethnic Diversity.” See also Putnam, “E Pluribus Unum.” Chapter 1 1. Hardin, “Street-Level Epistemology of Trust,” 36. 2. Poole, “Arnie the Governor.” 3. For evidence of the decline, see, for example, Chanley, Rudolph, and Rahn, “Origins and Consequences”; Hetherington, Why Trust Matters; and Holmberg, “Down and Down.” 4. This is not to deny that institutions are sometimes more than the sum of their parts. It is simply to acknowledge that institutions function effectively or not as a result of the people who operate them effectively or not. 5. For discussions of generalized trust, see Bjørnskov, “Determinants of Generalized Trust”; Marschall and Stolle, “Race and the City”; and Warren, “Introduction.” 6. Baier, Moral Prejudices, chap. 7. 7. Gambetta, “Can We Trust Trust?,” 218. 8. Ibid., 218–19. 9. Jones, “Trust,” 15. As Jane Mansbridge observes, however, Jones acknowledges that it is possible to cultivate an attitude of trust (“Altruistic Trust,” 294). 10. Though, as Zofia Stemplowska pointed out to me, taking responsibility in and of itself does not show that we had a choice, it only shows that we believe we had one. 11. Or see the distinction between cognitive and noncognitive trust as described in Becker, “Trust as Noncognitive Security.” 12. The basic trust game has a distinct pedigree that is related in Camerer, Behavioral Game Theory, 83–100. I am describing only one variant. 13.Therecipients,too,areseparatedintotwocategories—trustworthyanduntrustworthy— which are defined by the...

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