David Franks: Colonial Merchant

Notes

Notes abbreviations AJA American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, Ohio AJHS American Jewish Historical Society HSP Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia JCC Journals of the Continental Congress, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford et al., 34 vols. NA National Archives (formerly Public Record Office), Kew, England WO—War Office files AO—Audit Office files C—Chancery files PAJHS Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society PMHB Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography introduction 1. Isaac Markens, The Hebrews in America: A Series of Historical and Biographical Sketches (New York: published by the author, 1888), 71; Henry Samuel Morais, The Jews of Philadelphia : Their History from the Earliest Settlements to the Present Time (Philadelphia: Levytype, 1894), 34. 2. See Lawrence Henry Gipson, The British Empire Before the American Revolution, 15 vols. (New York: Knopf, 1939–70), vol. 6, The Great War for the Empire: The Years of Defeat, 1754 –1757, and vol. 7, The Great War for the Empire: The Victorious Years, 1758–1760. chapter 1 1. Pennsylvania Packet or the General Advertiser, November 17, 1778. 2. David Franks to Captain T. W. Moore, October 18, 1778, Stauffer Collection, 26:2101, HSP. 3. George Clymer to John Cadwalader, March 2, 1783, quoted in Horace Wemyss Smith, Nuts for Future Historians to Crack (Philadelphia: Horace W. Smith, 1856), 32. 4. Records of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, Eastern District, Courts of Oyer and Terminer, RG-33, box 6, October 18, 1778, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission ; Pennsylvania Packet or the General Advertiser, November 17, 1778. The commissioners of the Courts of Oyer and Terminer, principally judges, were authorized to make diligent inquiry into all treasons, felonies, and misdemeanors and to hear and make judgments. Additionally , these courts included general gaol delivery dockets where judges rendered decisions regarding the jailing or release of prisoners based upon results of grand jury indictments. 5. At the present time, no biography of John Cadwalader (1742–1786) exists. Brief accounts and useful supplementary information can be found in Charles Penrose Keith, 208 Notes to Pages 2 –7 The Provincial Councillors of Pennsylvania Who Held Office Between 1733 and 1766 (Philadelphia: printed for the author, 1883), 374 –76; John Cadwalader, “Selections from the Military Papers of General John Cadwalader,” PMHB 32 (1908): 149–74; Charles Winslow Dulles, “Sketch of the Life of Dr. Thomas Cadwalader,” PMHB 27 (1903): 262–78; and Smith, Nuts for Future Historians to Crack. A storehouse of manuscripts and other documents can be found in the Cadwalader Collection, HSP. Brett M. Reigh prepared a catalogue and finding aid for the collection in 1999. For an example of the esteem in which Cadwalader was held, see Henry Laurens to Cadwalader, September 12, 1778, in “Military Papers of Cadwalader,” 170: “His Excellency General Washington having recommended to Congress the appointment of a General of Horse, the House took the subject under consideration the 10th Inst. [September] when you were unanimously elected Brigadier & Commander of the Cavalry in the service of the United States. From the general voice above mentioned you will perceive Sir, the earnest desire of the House that you will accept a Commission & enter as early as your convenience will admit of upon the duties of the Office & I flatter myself with hopes of congratulating you in a few days upon this occasion.” Cadwalader turned Laurens down on September 19, writing , “I have the highest Sense of the Honor conferred upon me by Congress in appointing me a Brigadier in the Continental Service, with the Command of Cavalry: more particularly, as the whole of Congress was unanimous—I cannot consent to enter into the Service, at this time, as the War, appears, to me, to be near the close—But should any Misfortunes give an unhappy turn to our affairs I shall immediately apply to Congress for a Command in the Army” (172). 6. Keith, Provincial Councillors of Pennsylvania, 374 –76; John Richard Alden, ed., The War of the Revolution, 2 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1952), 1:289–90, 293, 302–9, 381–82; Washington to Cadwalader, October 5, 1780, in Cadwalader, “Military Papers of Cadwalader,” 173. 7. Alden, War of the Revolution, 2:560 – 61; George F. Scheer and Hugh F. Rankin, Rebels and Redcoats: The American Revolution Through the Eyes of Those Who Fought and Lived It (Cleveland : World Publishing, 1957), 294 –302. 8. Nathanael Greene to John Cadwalader, November 10, 1778, in The Papers of General Nathanael Greene, ed. Richard K. Showman, 13 vols. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1976 –2005), 6:56 –57. 9...