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Notes
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. John Blair Linn, Annalsof BuffaloValley (1877; reprint, Salem, Mass.,1997). 2. Marianne S. Wokeck, Tradein Strangers (University Park, Pa.,1999),244, I.D. no. 211. The Kleckners arrived in Philadelphia on the Edinburgh after a sea voyage of more than eight weeks.They probably left Derschen sometime in May 1753. 3. Francis S. Fox, “Kleckners of Pennsylvania,” Pennsylvania Genealogical Magazine (hereafter PGM) 34 (1985): 26–43. 4. David Spurgeon Jenkins, “The Kleckner-Fessler Families in Berks, Schuylkill, Northampton, and Lancaster Counties, Pennsylvania” (1957, typescript), New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston,Mass. 5. From the preamble to the Constitution of Pennsylvania, 1776. 1. In May 1751, a group of inhabitants led by William Craig presented a petition to the Assembly and requested that the upper part of Bucks County be erected into a new county. A bill was drawn and signed by Governor James Hamilton on March 11, 1752. Thomas Penn named the county Northampton to honor his wife, whose home was situated in Easton-Neston, Northamptonshire, England. 2. Stella H. Sutherland, Population Distribution in Colonial America (New York,1936), 131. 3. The seventeenth 18-penny provincial tax records for Northampton County are unique in two respects. First,Robert Traill,secretary of the County Commissioners,summarized all of the data used to support the sum of money collected and delivered to the provincial treasurer. Thus, although some township records are missing for the year 1774, a complete profile of the county is on record.This profile is recorded on a foldout page and does not appear on the microfilm of the 1774 tax records,the originals of which are found at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Second,the Northampton commissioners apparently acted on their own volition and requested constables to collect data about acreage sown in grain,number of children per household under twenty-one years of age, and trades or occupations of the taxpayers. This data, however, is not included in Traill’s summary. Mathew S. Henry summarized the additional data from now-missing constable’ s returns in around 1860. A copy of this summary may be found in the Northampton County Miscellaneous Manuscripts,box 4,Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (hereafter HSP). 4. The eleven counties embraced about two-thirds of the present state, or some 30,000 square miles. Northumberland was the largest county. 5. The electors nominated, and the justices appointed, the constable. Other elected township officials included an assessor, an inspector of elections, a supervisor of highways, and a poundkeeper. See Wayne L. Bockelman, “Local Colonial Government in Pennsylvania ,”in Town and Country, ed.Bruce C. Daniels (Middletown,Conn.,1978),216–37. 6. In 1758, an inventory taken by township constables recorded just 671 draft horses , 183 pack horses, and 201 wagons in Northampton. Pennsylvania Archives, 119 vols. (Philadelphia and Harrisburg, 1852–1933) (hereafter Pa. Arch.),5th ser.,1:203–23. 7. Charles S. Gladfelder, Pastors and People, 2 vols. (Breinigsville, Pa., 1980), 1:341–67. 8. On the eve of the Revolution, Pennsylvania’ s population had reached about 300,000. Of that number, Moravians accounted for a fraction of one percent, or 2,295 men, women, and children, of which half lived in Northampton County, 555 of them in Bethlehem. Kenneth Gardner Hamilton, John Ettwein and the Moravian Church During theRevolutionary Period (Bethlehem, Pa., 1940),7 n. 14. 9. James Burd to Edward Shippen III, Tinian, January 16, 1772, Burd-ShippenHubley Papers, HSP, quoted in Randolph Klein, Portrait of an Early American Family (Philadelphia, 1975), 147; A. D. Chidsey Jr., A Frontier Village: Pre-Revolutionary Easton (Easton, Pa., 1940),234–65. 10. Philadelphia, Chester, and Bucks Counties each had eight representatives. 11. Between 1764 and 1774, the Assembly tabled seven petitions for additional representation in Northampton. 12. Pennsylvania Gazette (hereafter Pa. Gazette), December 12, 1765; February 6, 1766; March 27, 1766. 13. Robert Levers to John Arndt, November 6, 1781, Records of Pennsylvania’ s Revolutionary Gov ernments, 1775–1790, Record Group 27 (hereafter RG 27), microfilm, 54 rolls (Harrisburg, Pa.: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (hereafter PHMC),1978), roll 19,frame 155 (hereafter roll and frame are cited separated by a colon, as here: 19:155). 14. The rise of the resistance movement in Pennsylvania is examined in great detail by Richard Alan Ryerson, The Revolution Is Now Begun: The Radical Committees of Philadelphia,1765–1776 (Philadelphia,1978). 15. General John Cadwalader and other officers to the Council of Safety, Morristown , N.J., January 14, 1777, Pa. Arch., 1st ser...