The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis

Contents

C o n t e n t s Preface vii O N E The Franciscan Dilemma 1 T W O Protospirituals 11 T H R E E The Birth of the Usus Pauper Controversy: 1274–1290 43 F O U R Opposition in High Places: 1290–1309 67 F I V E The Council of Vienne: The Spiritual Franciscan Position 111 S I X The Council of Vienne: The Community and the Pope 137 S E V E N The Collapse of the Clementine Settlement 159 E I G H T John Acts 179 N I N E Censure and Condemnation 191 T E N Southern France: Four Case Histories 213 E L E V E N Southern France: Some Generalizations 239 T W E L V E Ubertino da Casale and the Controversy over Christ’s Poverty 261 T H I R T E E N Angelo Clareno and Beyond 279 Conclusion 305 Appendix: Spirituals and Mystics 315 Notes 347 Bibliography 395 Index 409 ...