In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

i n d e x 306 Acción Democrática (AD). See political parties, in Venezuela agriculture. See trade Alberta Capital Regional Alliance, 56 annexation, 75, 82–83, 277. See also policy authoritarianism. See government ayuntamiento, 143, 167 Betancourt, Rómulo, 211, 222 bolsa familia, 111. See also urbanization, and poverty Border Industrialization Program, 165 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). See census, in Brazil British North America Act (1867), 45 “Brown Zones” (O’Donnell), 21 cabildo, 143, 157 Caldera, Rafael, 211, 219, 245n19; second presidency of, 236 “Caracazo,” 212 Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 80, 112 cartas orgánicas. See Constitution(s) Castro, Cipriano, 210, 233 Castro, Fidel, 211 census: in Argentina, 176; in Brazil, 104–5, 111, 129, 131, 139n2, 139n4; in Canada, 46–50; and statistical areas, 6, 98n1; in United States, 67, 98n1 Central Ontario Smart Growth Panel, 52 Chávez Frías, Hugo, 209, 212–13, 219–20, 224, 262, 280; and Bolivarian Revolution, 231, 238; and Fifth Republic, 237–38; and Ley Habilitante, 240, 242; revisions to 1999 Constitution, 230; and 2002 coup, 228, 240 checks and balances. See government citizen participation. See government climate change, 102 Comité de Organización Política Electoral Independiente (COPEI), 244n5 Consorcio de Municipios del Conurbano Sur (COMCOSUR), 200 Constitution(s), 272; amendments to, 281; in Argentina, 173, 179, 198–99, 207n6; authority of local government, 248, 256; in Brazil, 113–17, 127–28, 139n1, 139n3, 254; in Canada, 45; and cartas orgánicas, 179, 190; Democratic Constitution of 1988 (Brazil), 110; and federalism, 27–28; and homerule charters, 74–75; in Mexico, 142, 148–49, 170n3; and Municipal Charters, 208n27; and powers of the state, 34–35, 65, 82, 86, 94; provincial (Argentina), 184, 199, 204; and reform of government (Argentina), 207n6, 279; in United States, 72–74; in Venezuela , 211, 213, 233–34, 244n6 conurbation, 273. See government, conurbation commissions council of governments (COGs), 76–77, 92, 151 (de)centralization, 22, 254, 256; in Argentina, 180; and concept of subsidiarity, 24; in Mexico, 142; and social equity, 32–33; in Venezuela, 209, 211, 222, 231–33, 243n2. See also government democracy: in Argentina, 190; in Mexico, 142; parliamentary, 44–45; participatory, 18; representational, 18; “third wave” of, 21; and “twoturnover ” test, 17, 43n6; in United States, 75; and urbanization, 16–19. See also government disasters, natural, 271 distrito. See government, and the distrito economic(s): and crisis of the 1920s, 172; and 1970s boom (Venezuela), 227; and crises of 1999–2001 and 2001–2 (Argentina), 198–99, 271; and crisis of 2008, 16, 111, 242; development in metropolitan areas, 6, 177–78; economic development programs, 165; recession in 1980s (Venezuela), 227; and service provision, 87; transformation (Brazil), 102. See also import-substituting industrialization (ISI) elections, 113, 245n20, 263; and Misión Identidad (Venezuela), 238. See also voting federalism, 22, 250–51, 276; in Argentina, 171–74; in Brazil, 127–28; in Canada, 44–45; constitutional authority of, 27–28, 65; “dual,” 279; and federacy arrangements, 43n2; and indigenous populations, 114; and intergovernmental relations, 28, 251; in Mexico, 142–44; “new federalism,” 18; in United States, 65–66; in Venezuela, 213–16, 232–33 Gallegos, Rómulo, 211 General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge, 222 global economic crisis. See economic(s) Gómez, Juan Vicente, 210, 213; death of, 226, 232 governance: defined, 2, 169n1; history of metropolitan (Brazil), 100–110; metropolitan structures of, 248 government: in Argentina, 198; budgets, 121–22; checks and balances, 17, 22; citizen participation, 89–90, 115, 248, 264, 268, 271; constitutional authority of, 34–35; consultative councils, 275; conurbation commissions, 152, 156, 160–61; cooperation among, 137, 151, 253; county (U.S.), 88, 91–92, 99n2; defined, 169n1; and delegaciones, 152, 167; and dictatorship (Vene zuela ), 36, 39, 211, 223; and the distrito (Venezuela), 210–11, 231, 243n2; federal districts, 260; Index 307 government (cont.) home-rule charters, 74–75; integrated development regions (Brazil), 116; intermunicipal agreements, 275; intermunicipal consortia, 115, 131–34, 164, 251, 274; local, 18, 78–79, 94, 213, 248; manocommunidad, 169, 170n6; mayoral, 128; metropolitan parliament, 125; and monothematic consortia (Brazil), 138; municipal, 60; municipal consortia, 204; municipal councils, 218, 222–23, 242; parliamentary, 44–45, 59; and party systems, 17; and post-1989 dysfunction (Venezuela), 227; provincial, 198, 202; reform of, 19–21, 73, 218–19, 222, 228, 235–37, 248; regional (Mexico), 159–60, 161; regional (U.S.), 84–85; regional (Venezuela), 224; regional districts (Canada), 52–56; restructuring of (U.S.), 81–83; and revenue streams, 61...

Share