Dissonances: Democratic Critiques of Democracy

Index

i n d e x 173 accountability electoral, 50–51, 90–92, 100 linkages and interactions in, 90– 94, 103–5 social, 89–92, 100–108 accountability, horizontal balance/balancing institutions, 86–88, 103–5 characteristics of, 60–67 citizen’s rights, 85–86 conclusions, 94 contradiction inherent in, 79–82 corruption component, 63–67, 72n19, 78 defined, 60, 77–78, 109n7 eVectiveness components, 64, 89, 101 encroachment component, 63–67, 72n19, 78, 87, 89 enhancing, 67–69 institutional logics, 83–85 institutions of, 103–5 linkages and interactions, 90–94, 103–5 mandated, 94, 103–5 in new democracies, 30, 60–68, 78–79 rule of law and, 101–2 accountability, vertical dimensions of, 50 electoral, 50–51, 90–92, 100 facilitating, 88 linkages and interactions, 90–94, 103–5 nonelectoral, 89–92 social version of, 89–92, 100–108 agency. See also electorate autonomy and, 113–14 conditions necessary to, 38 equality and, 113–14 legal, prepolitical construction of, 18–24, 26–29 poverty and, 114, 130 private rights and fairness requirements, 26–29 in the regime vs. the state, 15–18 rights and obligations of, 15–16 the welfare state and, 27–29 Apter, David, 148 Aristotle, 19, 116 authoritarianism,bureaucratic,146–49 balance/balancing institutions, 84, 86–88, 93–94, 103–5. See also accountability, horizontal Bartell, Ernest, 149 Bentham, Jeremy, 19 Berlinck, Manoel Tosta, 147 Blackstone, William, 19 bribery of public oYcials, 66 brown areas, 37–38, 47n92, 121, 136n42 capitalism, emergence and development of, 20–21, 23, 37, 55–57, 117 Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (Frank), 143 Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, 143, 145–46, 150 CEDES (Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad), 146–48 174 Index citizens as agents, 10, 15–18 options in fair elections, 9 citizenship, civil political citizenship’s connection to, 25–26, 126, 129 rights and obligations of, 116, 126 rights of, 22 selective upholding of rights, 29–30, 36–40, 89, 119–20, 136n42 citizenship, political attainment, history of, 21–22 basis for, 29 characteristics of, 10, 25 civil citizenship’s connection to, 25–26, 126, 129 correlates of, 25–29 definition, 16–17, 25 with limited civil citizenship rights, 29–30, 36–40, 89 rights and obligations of, 116, 126 Collier, David, 38, 146 Colombia, 129 colonialism, theories of internal, 145 contract agency and, 26–27 right to enter into, early construction of, 21 will (consensus) theory of, 18–19 corruption component of horizontal accountability, 63–67, 72n19, 78 Costa Rica, 118–19, 129 Cotler, Julio, 145 courts, right of fair and expeditious access to, 32 Crisp, Brian, 78, 91 Dahl, Robert, 3, 7, 11, 13, 30, 34, 49 decisiveness attribute in democratic elections, 10–11 democracies, new criteria for defining, 13, 35 current theories of, 1–3 horizontal accountability in, 60–68, 78–79 selective upholding of civil rights, 29–30, 36–40, 89, 119–20, 136n42 universalistic institution of the inclusive wager, authoritarian rule and, 24–25 democracy. See also polyarchy; regimes, democratic conditions necessary to qualify, 40–41, 59–60, 112–13 contradiction inherent in, 80–84 current options for Latin America, 152–53 defining, 2–8, 12, 35, 113, 128–29 delegative, 92 democratic critique of, 153 encroachment and corruption components of, 65–66 history of, 15–17 majoritarianism of, 81 monism of, 53, 65, 80–81 oligarchic, 9–10 political —basis of, 85 —characteristics of, 8, 33 political authority in, 54–55, 65 in polyarchy, 51–54 rights and obligation in, 54 democratic method, 4–8 democratic theory challenges to the comparative study of, 1–3 elements relevant to, 38–39 democratic tradition, public vs. private distinction in, 52–53 Dependency and Development in Latin America (Cardoso and Faletto), 143 dependency theory, 143–45 Di Palma, Giuseppe, 7 Domat, Jean, 19 Dunn, John, 24 Index 175 Dworkin, Ronald, 120 Dye, Richard, 147 Eastern countries, selective upholding of civil rights, 29–30, 36–39 ECLAC (Economic Commission for Latin American and the Caribbean), 142–45 elections competitive, 8, 11–14 defining democracy with, 6, 9, 59–60 defining polyarchy with, 7–9 democratic —characteristics defining, 4–11 —decisiveness attribute, 10–12, 14 —fairness attribute, 4–12, 14, 35 —guaranteeing, 11–13 —mechanism of political representation, 53 in polyarchies, elements of, 7–9 vertical accountability in, 50–51, 90–92, 100 electorate. See also agency options in fair elections, 9 political authority of, 54...