Augustine and the Cure of Souls: Revising a Classical Ideal

Notes

Notes Translations of cited works have been modified as necessary. Notes to the Introduction 1. Peter Brown asserts, “The surprisingly rapid democratization of the philosophers ’ upper-class counterculture by the leaders of the Christian church is the most profound single revolution of the late classical period” (“Late Antiquity,” in A History of Private Life, vol. 1: From Pagan Rome to Byzantium, ed. Paul Veyne [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987], 251). 2. See Averil Cameron, The Later Roman Empire: AD 284–430 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), 66–84. 3. See Claudia Rapp, Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity: The Nature of Christian Leadership in an Age of Transition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005); Peter Brown, Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity: Towards a Christian Empire (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992), esp. 3–70; Henry Chadwick, “The Role of the Christian Bishop in Ancient Society,” in Protocol of the ThirtyFifth Colloquy of the Center for Hermeneutical Studies in Hellenistic and Modern Culture , ed. E.C. Hobbs and W. Wuellner (Berkeley, 1980), 1–14; Rowan A. Greer, “Who Seeks for a Spring in the Mud: Reflections on the Ordained Ministry in the Fourth Century,” in Theological Education and Moral Formation, ed. Richard John Neuhaus (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991), 22–55; Brian E. Daley, “Position and Patronage in the Early Church: The Original Meaning of ‘Primacy of Honour ,’” Journal of Theological Studies, n.s. 44 (1993): 529–53. 4. Peter Brown, Poverty and Leadership in the Later Roman Empire (Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 2001); idem, Power and Persuasion, esp. 71–117; idem, “Augustine and a Crisis of Wealth in Late Antiquity,” Augustinian Studies 36 (2005): 5–30; Claude Lepelley,“Facing Wealth and Poverty: Defining Augustine’s Social Doctrine,” Augustinian Studies 38 (2007): 1–17; Richard D. Finn, Almsgiving in the Later Roman Empire: Christian Promotion and Practice (313–450) (Ox210 ford: Oxford University Press, 2006); Boniface Ramsey, “Almsgiving in the Latin Church:The Late Fourth and Early Fifth Centuries,” Theological Studies 43 (1982): 226–59; Brian E. Daley, “Building a New City: The Cappadocian Fathers and the Rhetoric of Philanthropy,” Journal of Early Christian Studies 7 (1999): 431–61; Susan R. Holman, The Hungry Are Dying: Beggars and Bishops in Roman Cappadocia (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001). 5. Timothy S. Miller, The Birth of the Hospital in the Byzantine Empire, 2d ed. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), esp. 68–88; Andrew T. Crislip, From Monastery to Hospital: Christian Monasticism and the Transformation of Health Care in Late Antiquity (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005); Brown, Poverty and Leadership, 33–35. 6. Rapp, Holy Bishops, 242–52; J. C. Lamoreaux, “Episcopal Courts in Late Antiquity,” Journal of Early Christian Studies 3 (1995): 143–67; Noel E. Lenski, “Evidence for the Audientia episcopalis in the New Letters of Augustine,” in Law, Society,and Authority in Late Antiquity, ed. Ralph W. Mathisen (New York and Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2001), 83–97; K.K. Raikas, “Episcopalis audientia: Problematik zwischen Staat und Kirche bei Augustin,” Augustinianum 37 (1997): 459–81; Peter Iver Kaufman, “Augustine, Macedonius, and the Courts,” Augustinian Studies 34 (2003): 67–82; W. Waldstein, “Zur Stellung der episcopalis audientia im spätrömischen Prozess,” in Festschrift für Max Kaser zum 70. Geburtstag, ed. D. Medicus and H.H. Seiler (Munich: Beck, 1976), 533–56. 7. Brown, Power and Persuasion, 96; Rapp, Holy Bishops, 228–32; William Klingshirn, “Charity and Power: Caesarius of Arles and the Ransoming of Captives in Sub-Roman Gaul,” Journal of Roman Studies 75 (1985): 183–203. 8. See especially, Gregory Nazianzen, Oratio 2 (SC 247: 84–240), trans. Charles Gordon Browne and James Edward Swallow, NPNF 2.7: 204–27; John Chrysostom, De sacerdotio (SC 272), trans. Graham Neville, Saint John Chrysostom: Six Books on the Priesthood (Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1984); Ambrose, off. (CCL 15), trans. Ivor J. Davidson, Ambrose: De Officiis (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2002); Augustine, doctr. chr. (CCL 32: 1–167), trans. Edmund Hill, Teaching Christianity, WSA 1.11; Jerome, Ep. 52 (trans. F.A. Wright; LCL 262: 188–228). 9. In an edict of June 17, 362, which was, in turn, rescinded in 364 by Julian’s successor. See Rowland Smith, Julian’s Gods: Religion and Philosophy in theThought and Action of Julian the Apostate (London and New York: Routledge, 1995), esp. 179–218; Robert Browning, The Emperor Julian (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976...