The Bodhisattva's Brain: Buddhism Naturalized

Index

Index Abe, Masao, 212n6 Abhidamma (Pali) in Buddhist ethics, 233n2 description, 189–190 study of, 191 Abhidharma (Sanskrit), 102–104 “Abnormal discourse,” 209n2 Abrahamic traditions, 60, 63, 116, 132 ADD (attention deficit disorder), 54, 107 Affect, positive, 18, 38, 41. See also Mood and happiness, 51 and meditation, 50 Afflictions, Six Main, 105, 194 Afterlife, 222n24. See also Rebirth Buddha on, 224n24 for no-selves, 131–134 Agnostics,contrastedwithatheists,210n5 “Allegory of the Cave,” 118, 119 Amygdala, and startle response, 46 Amygdala-based emotional system, 56 Anachronism, and ethnocentrism, 1 Analytic philosophy, 5–6 Anatman, 97, 98, 158. See also Selfless persons and being good, 116–117 continuity of, 224n24 deconstruction of atman to, 127 doctrine of, 70, 124–126 extremism of, 159–163 and Four Noble Truths, 124 and hedonism, 121 psychological environment of, 130 “Anchoring effect,” 189 Anscombe, Elizabeth, 146, 158 Anthropology, psychological, 55 Anticreationist views, of Dalai Lama, 65 Antidepressants, 228n8 Appearance-reality distinction, 68 Appetite, 155 Arahant, 30 in Mahayana vs. Theravada Buddhism, 229n4 motivation of, 119 of Theravada Buddhism, 215n15 virtues of, 148–149 Aristotle, xi, 10, 11, 94, 148, 152, 165– 166, 185, 200 and anatman perspective, 161 biology of, 140–141 and compassion, 181 ethics of, 166–167, 168–169, 178 and eudaimonia, 186–187 folk-psychological view of, 162 on happiness, 14, 232n16 on human psyche, 141 Nicomachean Ethics of, 180, 181, 235n14 Poetics, 181 and psychological egoism, 179 on reason, 155, 156, 233n2 and therapeutic division of labor, 182 on virtue, 202 250 Index Aristotle’s law (AL), 170, 171–172, 175, 176, 183, 186, 188 Art of Happiness, The (Dalai Lama and Cutler), 13, 24 Ascetic, virtues of, 148–149 Assumptions, examination of, 220n15 Atheists agnostics contrasted with, 210n5 Buddhist, 5, 219n7 naturalist, 64 Atman (unchanging self or soul), 68, 98, 161. See also Soul and Brahmanic tradition, 124 nature of, 97–98 rejection of, 68, 69–70, 222n24 Attachment, 127, 211n5 Attention and happiness, 50–51 meditation for training in, 106 Attentiveness, mental, 106. See also Mindfulness Augustine, Saint, 81, 233n19 Autonomic nervous system control, 10, 37–38 Awakening, 9, 16 Basic science education, 63 Batchelor, Stephen, 212n7, 214n14, 219n7 Beats, 13 Behavior, linking Buddhist phenomenology with, 82–84 Beings-in-time, 98 Bhagavad Gita, 220n16 Bhutan, xii Big Bang theory, 69, 72, 73, 221n18 “Binding problem,” 52 Birth, karma and, 223n24. See also Rebirth Bliss, 14, 33. See also Happiness Bodhicaryavatara (Santideva), 170 Bodhisattva, 30, 116–117 in Botswana, 33–35 eudaimonia Buddha achieved by, 29–30 happiness achieved by, 31–32 ideal of, 30, 31 inappropriate lust of, 216n19 of Mahayanan Buddhism, 119, 215n15 motivation of, 119 path and stages of, 215n18 Plato and, 118–120 psyche of, 107–109 vows of, 161–162, 176 work of, 119, 229n5 Botswana, bodhisattva in, 33–35 Brahmanic tradition, and Buddhism, 124 Brahmans, 174, 221n17, 234n8 Brain and differences in thought, 41 examination of, 56 first-personal experience and, 88, 225n28 happiness and, 37, 38–42, 45 linking Buddhist phenomenology with, 82–84 neuroscientific assessment of, 52 Brain imagery, 55, 58 Brain science. See also Mind science and eudaimonia, 112 leftward activity in prefrontal cortex in, 111 problem of content in, 54 Breathing meditation, 194–195 Buddha. See also Gautama, Siddhartha “Gradual Training” of, 215n16 and happiness, 232n16 inaugural speech of, 124 Buddha’s law (BL), 186, 188 Buddhism, xi, 165–166. See also Ethics, Buddhist atheistic varieties of, 228n10 attraction of, 2, 13, 122 and cognitive science, 81 compared with proselytizing traditions , xi Index 251 concept of happiness in, 14 early, 222n23 Eightfold Path of, 21–22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 43, 100, 101, 123, 184, 209n3, 211n4 epistemology of, 70–72, 75 eudaimonistic, 13–14 focus of, 122, 231n10 forms of, xii, 15 Four Noble Truths of, 12, 20, 21–22, 42, 99, 123, 167, 184, 185, 191, 194, 209n3 heterodox nature of, 224n24 and influenza, 49–51 metaphysics of, 68, 97, 101, 206 and mind science, 88 and modern moral philosophy, 158–159 as natural philosophy, 206 Northern California kind, 212n7 origins of, 155 philosophy of, xi–xii, xiii and problem of excessive demandingness , 197–201 and science, 61, 218n3 secular, 214n14 study of, 60 supernatural beliefs in, 4 three poisons of, 85, 86, 101–102, 105 three vehicles of, 214n13 Western, 117, 212n7, 219n8 Buddhism and happiness, ix–x, 6, 19, 37, 42–45 and contemporary mind science, 14...