The End of Energy: The Unmaking of America's Environment, Security, and Independence

Key Energy Data

Key Energy Data Money of the day 1980 dollars $100 $80 $60 $40 $20 $0 1970 US$ per barrel 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009 Arab-Israeli war Iranian revolution Iran-Iraq war Iraq invaded Kuwait Asian financial crisis September 11th attacks Invasion of Iraq Lebanon conflict Figure 1 Crude Oil Prices Source: BP, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2010 (June), available at http://www .bp.com/statisticalreview (accessed on October 8, 2010). Figures reflect annual crude oil prices, smoothing the sometimes large price fluctuations that occur within years. Crude oil prices peaked at $145.31 per barrel on July 3, 2008. 266 Key Energy Data Production Net imports 0 5 10 15 20 1970 1980 1990 2005 Million barrels per day 14.5 16.5 19.4 16.1 Figure 2 U.S. Petroleum Production and Net Imports Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009 (August 2010), available at http://www.eia.gov/aer (accessed on September 6, 2010). Note: Net imports are imports less exports. Total petroleum production and net imports decreased from a peak in 2005 to 16.9 million barrels per day in 2009. This decrease is likely driven in part by the economic downturn. Adjustments are omitted here. They include changes in oil reserves, processing gains, and other adjustments. Key Energy Data 267 Other Non-OPEC Mexico Canada Other OPEC Saudi Arabia 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1970 1980 1990 2005 Million barrels per day 3.4 6.9 13.7 8.0 Figure 3 U.S. Petroleum Imports by Country of Origin Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009 (August 2010), available at http://www.eia.gov/aer (accessed on September 6, 2010). Note: OPEC is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a cartel of 12 oilexporting countries. Non-OPEC represents countries that export oil but are not members of the OPEC cartel. Petroleum imports decreased from their peak in 2005 to 11.7 million barrels per day in 2009. This decrease is likely driven in part by the economic downturn. 268 Key Energy Data Nuclear 2% Nuclear 19% Nuclear 20% Nuclear 11% 1970 1990 2009 Total = 3.04 TkWh 1980 Total = 1.54 TkWh Total = 2.29 TkWh Total = 3.95 TkWh Hydroelectric 16% Hydroelectric 10% Hydroelectric 7% Hydroelectric 12% Petroleum 12% Petroleum 4% Petroleum 1% Petroleum 11% Natural gas 24% Natural gas 12% Natural gas 23% Natural gas 15% Coal 46% Coal 51% Coal 45% Coal 52% Other 0% Other 3% Other 4% Other 0% Figure 4 U.S. Net Electricity Generation by Energy Source Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Review 2009 (August 2010), available at http://www.eia.gov/aer (accessed on September 6, 2010). Note: Pie charts are scaled to approximate relative annual totals. Numbers shows are in trillion kilowatt-hours. Other includes wind, biomass, geothermal, and solar. Key Energy Data 269 Petroleum Natural gas Coal 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 Transportation Industrial Residential Commercial Million metric tons 1,929 1,589 1,075 1,220 – Figure 5 Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Sector, 2008 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010 (April 2010), available at http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo (accessed on September 6, 2010). ...