The "Racial" Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future

CONTENTS

CONTENTS Preface ix Introduction: Eurocentric Scientific Illiteracy-A Challenge for the World Community Sandra Harding 1 I. EARLY NON-WESTERN SCIENTIFIC TRADITIONS Poverties and Triumphs of the Chinese Scientific Tradition Joseph Needham 30 Black Athena: Hostilities to Egypt in the Eighteenth Century Martin Bernal 47 Early Andean Experimental Agriculture Jack Weatherford 64 II. SCIENCE CONSTRUCTS "RACE" American Polygeny and Craniometry before Darwin: Blacks and Indians as Separate, Inferior Species Stephen Jay Gould 84 Racial Classifications: Popular and Scientific Gloria A. Marshall 116 The Study of Race S. L. Washburn 128 On the Nonexistence of Human Races Frank B. Livingstone 133 vi / Contents IQ: The Rank Ordering of the World R. C. Lewontin, Steven Rose, and Leon]. Kamin 142 The Health of Black Folk: Disease, Class, and Ideology in Science Nancy Krieger and Mary Bassett 161 Appropriating the Idioms of Science: The Rejection of Scientific Racism Nancy Leys Stepan and Sander L. Gilman 170 III. WHO GETS TO Do SCIENCE? Aesculapius Was a White Man: Race and the Cult of True Womanhood Ronald T. Takaki 201 Co-Laborers in the Work of the Lord: Nineteenth-Century Black Women Physicians Darlene Clark Hine 210 Ernest Everett Just: The Role of Foundation Support for Black Scientists 1920-1929 Kenneth R. Manning 228 Never Meant to Survive: A Black Woman's Journey-An Interview with Evelynn Hammonds Aimee Sands 239 Increasing the Participation of Black Women in Science and Technology Shir.ley Malcom 249 Without More Minorities, Women, Disabled, U.S. Scientific Failure Certain, Fed Study Says Eileen M. O'Brien 254 Modern Science and the Periphery: The Characteristics of Dependent Knowledge Susantha Goonatilake 259 Contents / vii IV. SCIENCE'S TECHNOLOGIES AND ApPLICATIONS The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: "A Moral Astigmatism" James Jones 275 Calling the Shots? The International Politics of Depo-Provera Phillida BunkIe 287 Colonialism and the Evolution of Masculinist Forestry Vandana Shiva 303 Applied Biology in the Third World: The Struggle for Revolutionary Science Richard Levins and Richard Lewontin 315 Environmental Racism Karl Grossman 326 V. OBJECTIVITY, METHOD, AND NATURE: VALUE NEUTRAL? Methods and Values in Science National Academy of Sciences 341 Nazi Medicine and the Politics of Knowledge Robert Proctor 344 Race and Gender: The Role of Analogy in Science Nancy Leys Stepan 359 The Bio-politics of a Multicultural Field Donna Haraway 377 Cultural Differences in High-Energy Physics: Contrasts between Japan and the United States Sharon Traweek 398 The "Relevance" of Anthropology to Colonialism and Imperialism Jack Stauder 408 viii / Contents VI. THE FUTURE: TOWARD A DEMOCRATIC STRATEGY FOR WORLD SCIENCES Science and Democracy: A Fundamental Correlation Joseph Needham 434 People's Science Bill Zimmerman et al. 440 Science and Black People Editorial, The Black Scholar 456 Science, Technology and Black Community Development Robert C. Johnson 458 Towards a Democratic Strategy for Science: The New Politics of Science David Dickson 472 Modern Science in Crisis: A Third World Response Third World Network 484 Name Index 519 ...