Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach

Index

Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations. Abrahamian, Ervand, 190, 195, 196, 197 Abu-Amr, Ziad, 113, 122, 127 al-Afghani, Jafar, 56n19 Afghanistan, 1, 2, 46, 55n8, 157–58, 255 Al Rasheed, Madawi, 268n11 al-Anisi, Abd al-Wahhab, 212–13, 225n9 Algeria: Afghans and, 46, 55n8; anticivilian violence in, 43, 51, 54n2; apostasy of government in, 49; autocracy in, 148; Bouyali group, 44, 55n10; constitutional reforms in, 44–45; Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), 18, 37, 45; military coup (1992), 46, 48–49, 56n19; National Liberation Front (FLN), 43, 70; Sala¤yya in, 46, 55n6. See also GIA (Armed Islamic Group) Arabesk music, 279, 283, 286n10 Arjomand, Said Amir, 187, 295 Armed Islamic Group (GIA). See GIA (Armed Islamic Group) Ash, Roberta, 40–41 Ashraf, Ahmad, 185, 187, 192, 195 BaFadl, Abd al-Rahman, 219, 225n11, 226nn15,18 Bahrain: Al Khalifah regime, 89–90, 91, 97, 105; Bahrain Freedom Movement in, 96; boycotts of public utilities in, 102, 104; commercial development in, 91–93, 100, 105; constitutional reform in, 99; Hizbullah , 103; national assembly of, 90, 97; petitions to government in, 96–97, 99, 104; Popular Front for the Liberation of Bahrain , 96; public meeting ban in, 102–103; removal of nonelite cabinet ministers in, 100; Shi"ites in, 20, 21–22, 89–90, 91, 97; Sunnis in, 21–22, 89–90; university education in, 93–94, 99, 102–103, 104. See also Shi"ites Bahry, Louay, 89 Bainbridge, William Sims, 167–68 bazaaris: antipro¤teering campaign of, 195– 96; bazaar closures, 196, 199–200; communication of, 190, 193; con®ict resolution by, 193–94; foreign investments and, 200; government competition with, 196, 199, 200, 202n9; Islamic Republican Party (IRP) and, 198–99; Madraseh-e Faizieh-e Qom demonstration , 197–98; mosques and, 185, 187, 188; parliamentary elections (Majlis), 195– 96; political activism of, 186–87; reputation of, 191–92, 193–94, 201nn5,6; students and, 194–95, 197, 200; tourism and, 191–92; ulama alliance with, 188, 192, 201n2; Urban and Rural Consumers’ Cooperative, 196. See also Iran Beissinger, Mark, 95, 109 Belhaj, Ali, 46, 47, 55n10 Benford, Robert, 13, 15–17, 23, 232, 238, 251, 257 307 Index Berejikian, Jeffrey, 14, 69, 136n4 Bin Laden, Osama, 2, 61, 157 Bonine, Michael, 190, 192 Bosnia, Muslims in, 157–58 Boubras, Yousuf, 47, 52 Bouyali group, 44, 55n10 boycotts, 73, 102, 104 Brockett, Charles, 65, 67, 68, 69 Brysk, Alison, 239, 259 Bulaç, Ali, 280, 284 Bulliet, Richard, 146–47 Burgat, François, 8, 17, 44, 63 Burke, Edmund, 90, 200, 296 Canetti, Elias, 291 Carapico, Sheila, 172, 209, 211, 214 Charitable Society for Social Welfare. See Islah party Charrad, Mounira, 160n3 Chehabi, Houchang, 195, 196 civil rights movement (U.S.), 153, 158, 166, 170 Clark, Janine Astrid, 5, 11, 23–24 class: army service and, 146; bourgeoisie in Turkey, 277–79; elites, 65, 100, 209–10, 213, 275, 280–81; fashion as status symbol, 280–81; Islamic outreach and, 244; Islamist leadership and, 117; Muslim Brotherhood, 121; secular education, 240–41; sha"bi neighborhoods and, 233–35, 240–42 Cloward, Richard, 12, 159 collective action theory, 38, 114, 115, 151–52, 191, 239, 263 communication: al-Ansar (pamphlet), 52; Al-Sahwah (newspaper), 215, 216, 221; Arabesk music, 279, 283, 286n10; as cognitive liberation, 25–26, 261; GIA communiqu és, 51, 52; Hawla al-Muqif al-Rahin bayna al-Gama"a al-Islamiyya wal-Nizam al-Misri, 79; Islamic movements, societyoriented , 276; memorandum of advice (muzakharat al nasiha), 25–26, 261–62; Naksibendis order and, 279; petitions (Bahrain ) in, 96–97, 99, 104; Supreme Council for Islamic Information (Hamas), 129; television , 277, 283; Writers’ Association of Iran, 196–97. See also social networks contentious repertoires, 94–95, 106–107, 108, 109, 149–50 Coptic Christians, 62, 71, 72, 77, 81n10 Coury, Ralph, 290, 292 Crenshaw, Martha, 41, 43, 66 Darwish, Adel, 90, 94, 104 da"wa (propagation of the faith), 165, 168–69, 170–71, 178–80, 238 al-Daylami, Abd al-Wahab, 217, 219, 225n9 de Soto, Hernando, 155 Dekmejian, R. Hrair, 6, 8, 63, 261 Della Porta, Donatella, on contentious repertoires , 106; on exclusive organizations, 41, 206; on movement behavior and government repression, 67, 95; on political opportunity structures, 107; on political party formation , 210; on recruitment of trustworthy participants, 68, 69; on spirals of encapsulation , 38, 41, 43, 53; on terrorist organization membership, 70 democracy: bias in social movement studies, 294; Gama"a Islamiyya, 75; GIA (Armed Islamic Group), 48; North-South Yemen uni¤cation and, 208. See...