The Calls of Islam: Sufis, Islamists, and Mass Mediation in Urban Morocco

Index

167 Index Abun-Nasr, Jamil, 30–31 Abu Ruwayin, 35–36 L’Action du Peuple (ʿAmal al-Shaʿb), 30, 31–32, 35– 37, 39, 40–44, 148n15 al-ʿAdl wal-l-Ihsan, 140 Aisha (activist and performer): cultural production and, 101; Foundation for Moussems, the Environment, Heritage, and Community and, 102–4; on Gnawa identity, national, 109–10; sociocultural call of, 104–7; “Spectacle of Dada la Gnaoua,” 104–5, 106, 107, 110, 111; “The Story of Dada Gnawiyya,” 111–16 Aisha (jinn): Aisha Qandisha, 19; demands of, 81, 88, 93; exorcism of, 1, 8, 132–36; fqih and, 74–75, 78–79; at lila, 96, 98–99; as Mistress of the Door, 96; national Aishas, 145n10; possessions by, 87; shrine to, at Bin Hamdush tomb, 102; Zuhur and, 81, 84 Aïssaoua. See ʿIsawa order ʿAlawite dynasty: exchanges, images of, 53; French Protectorate and, 34; Gnawa connections to, 82; Mawlay Ismaʿil, 82; Mawlay Sulayman, 30, 146n4; Mawlay ʿAbd al-ʿAziz, 33; political theological staging by, 148n17; seal of, 54; shurafaʾ and, 12; Throne Holiday and, 42; Western Sahara and, 48. See also Hassan II (Moulay Hassan); Mohammed V (Sidi Mohammed); Mohammed VI Althusser, Louis, 6–7 amulets. See talismanic writing by fuqahaʾ Andalusi music, 107–8 Anderson, Benedict, 55, 116, 126, 145n10 Asad, Talal, 5 Aubin, Eugène, 28 authority: the call in Islam and, 5–6; exorcists and, 125, 126–27; Green March and, 56–57; media studies on democratization of, 65; socio-cultural , 105 baraka: defined, 144n2; fuqahaʾ and, 66; Green March and, 50; jinn rites and, 13; Mohammed Hassan al-Wazzani and, 45, 46; as spiritual electricity , 47 Becker, Cynthia, 108–9 Benjamin, Walter, 125–26 Berber Dahir protests, 31, 147n5 Berque, Jacques, 32, 44, 58 Berrada, Mohammed, 149n20 al-Bidawi, Mohamed, 52 bin Hamdush, Sidi Ali, 102–4 bin Zaydan, Mawlay Abd al-Rahman, 42 bin ʿIsa, Muhammad, 30, 35–36 blindness, 22, 95–96, 133, 136 Boddy, Janice, 81 body and embodiment: the call and Islamic politics of, 3–4; colonial staging and display of bodies, 35; ethic of conscious bodily control, 146n14; Green March and, 55; Islamist moral quality and, 127; jinns and, 22; Mahmood on Muslim embodiment, 143n2; as medium for the seer’s call, 83; ritual stagings and, 20; social body and body politic, 119. See also seers and mediumship, Gnawa; trance bombings in Casablanca (May 2003), 14, 15–16, 100–101, 123, 137 Bouhali (jinn), 87, 88, 97–98 Boujmaa (Gnawa maʿlim), 89–90, 93, 95–97, 104, 110 breath, writing as destroyed by, 72–73 Brûnel, René, 147n11 Butler, Judith, 7 al-Buwab, the Doorkeeper (jinn), 96 call (daʿwa): Aisha’s foundation and call for reform, 102–3; associations for, 143n1; authorities, the unseen, and, 26; as collective, 7; community delineated by distance of, 144n7; competing calls in Morocco, 1–2, 8, 62, 119–20, 131, 139–40; disciplining the medium of, 121; exorcism as call to discipline all calls, 131–32; in Islam and the Qurʾan, 4–6; media theory and, 4; of the medium , 7; political mobilization and, 138–39; as political theme, 141; to prayer, 86; repeatability and Althusser’s theory of interpellation, 6–7; revivalist task framed as, 3; scholarship on, 3–4; state and Islamist, competition between, 17–18; subject vs. object of, 88. See also specific calls, such as Green March Casablanca bombings (May 2003), 14, 15–16, 100– 101, 123, 137 chanting, 58 168 | Index charlatanism (shaʿwada), 23, 90–91, 135 Chlyeh, Abdelhafid, 145n9 Claisse, Pierre-Alain, 89–90 class. See elite and upper classes; middle class; underclass and lower class colonialism and the French Protectorate: Berber Policy, 31; ritual appropriation, photography, and the colonial gaze, 33–35; sovereign power, spread, 43; technological infrastructure and, 36–37; Throne Holiday and, 42–43, 44–45. See also nationalism and the national call “color,” 24–25 Le Comité d’Action Marocaine (Kutlat al-ʿAmal alWatani ), 31, 147n5 communication: consciousness and, 135; cultural politics of, 119–21; différance and, 22, 26; difference as, 23; force of, 3, 29; French Protectorate and uncontrolled communication, 44–45; “frontier of,” 137, 141; “invention of,” 43; jinn ritual as, 20–21, 23; piety and, 22, 27, 63; public-sphere theory and, 138; religion as, 1, 4; sacrifice and, 152n2; social connectedness and control of, 62; territorial expansion and, 43; trance and, 37, 38, 45, 129–30; uncertainty and fears of, 138; uncontrolled, 10, 38, 44, 120. See also call (daʿwa...