The Imjin and Kapyong Battles, Korea, 1951

Notes

225 Notes Preface 1. Peter de la Billière, Looking for Trouble (London: HarperCollins, 1994), 67; see also, e.g., Andrew Salmon, To the Last Round (London: Aurum, 2009), xiii. The Imjin and the Last Stand of the Glosters were, as journalist Russell Spurr had once put it, “the story everybody knows” in Britain (Daily Express, 2 September 1953, p. 2). 2. “Out in the Cold: Australia’s Involvement in the Korean War: Kapyong –23–24 April 1951,” www.awm .gov.au/exhibitions/korea/operations/ kapyong/ (accessed 27 August 2009); see also, e.g., Brad Manera, “Kapyong Captured ,” Wartime 34 (2006): 33; George Odgers, Remembering Korea (Sydney: Lansdowne, 2000), 91. 3. Peter Worthington, Looking for Trouble (Toronto: Key Porter, 1984), 28. 4. The weight given to the Imjin or Kapyong is also reflected in the way in which they are highlighted on government or museum websites. On the Imjin see, e.g., www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/ korea/battle.htm (accessed 13 August 2007). On Kapyong see, e.g., www.forces .gc.ca/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=95 (accessed 10 July 2012); www.lermuseum. org/ler/mh/1945topresent/kapyong.html (accessed 25 September 2009); www .australiansatwar.gov.au/ko_akh.html (accessed 7 October 2009); cas.awm.gov .au/art/ART93183 (accessed 25 September 2009). On the prominence given to the Imjin battle in popular histories published in Britain see, e.g., Tim Carew, Korea (London: Cassell, 1967); Max Hastings, The Korean War (London: Michael Joseph, 1987); Bryan Perrett, Last Stand! (London: Arms and Armour, 1991); Andrew Marr, A History of Modern Britain (London: Macmillan, 2007), 102–103. Similar weight is given to Kapyong in many Australian and Canadian histories. See, e.g., Jack Gallaway , The Last Call of the Bugle (St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press, 1994); Victor Suthren, ed., The Oxford Book of Canadian Military Anecdotes (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1989); David J. Bercuson, Blood on the Hills (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990); see also Dan Bjarnason, Triumph at Kapyong (Toronto: Dundurn, 2011), 16. 5. 1RNF, for example, had an establishment of 38 officers and 945 other ranks at the time of the Korean War (see Anthony Perrins, ed., ‘A Pretty Rough Do Altogether’ [Alnwick: Fusiliers Museum of Northumberland, 2004], xvii), but infantry battalions in Korea rarely exceeded 750 men in the field (see Salmon, Last Round, 24) and in April 1951, as we shall see, leave would mean even fewer soldiers were available to fight. 226 Notes to pages viii–xi 6. Salmon, Last Round, xiv; see also, e.g., the opening lines of the TV documentary Forgotten Heroes, produced by Alastair Lawrence (London: BBC, 2001). 7. E. D. Harding, The Imjin Roll (Gloucester: Southgate, 1981), 95; Special Army Order No. 65, June 1951, 1, WO 32/14247, TNA. 8. Ministry of National Defense, The History of the United Nations Forces in the Korean War II (Seoul: Ministry of National Defense, 1973), 623. On the British origins of this account see Michael Hickey , The Korean War (Woodstock, N.Y.: Overlook, 2000), 382. See also, regarding the accepted importance of the battle, e.g., Eric Linklater, Our Men in Korea (London: HMSO, 1952), 61; Noel Monks, Eyewitness (London: Muller, 1955), 320; C. N. Barclay, The First Commonwealth Division in Korea (Aldershot: Gale and Polden, 1954), 67; Basil Peacock, The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers (The 5th Regiment of Foot) (London: Leo Cooper, 1970), 105; Bryan Perrett, “The Chinese Counterattack,” in The Korean War, ed. David Rees (London: Orbis, 1984), 83; Forgotten Heroes, BBC. 9. See, e.g., David Scott Daniell, Cap of Honour (London: Harrap, 1951), 329; Denis Warner, Out of the Gun (London: Hutchinson, 1956), 121; Carew, Korea, 88; Perrett, Last Stand, 213; Christopher Newbould and Christine Beresford, The Glosters (Stroud: Sutton, 1992), 126–27; Marr, Modern Britain, 103; Forgotten Heroes, BBC. 10. Pierre Berton, Marching as to War (Toronto: Doubleday, 2001), 558; Jeffrey Grey, A Military History of Australia (Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1999), 205. On the Kapyong presidential unit citations see WO 32/14250, TNA; Michael G. McKeown, Kapyong Remembered (Ottawa: M. G. McKeown, 1976), 41. 11. Kapyong, produced by John Lewis (North Fitzroy, Vic.: Arcimedia, 2011); Dan Bjarnason, CBC The National magazine , 27 July 1999, www.archives.cbc.ca/ war_conflict/korean_war/clips/684 (accessed August 27, 2009); www.austra liansatwar.gov/au/throughmyeyes/ko_ akh.html (accessed 7 October 2009); see also, e.g., Gallaway, Last Call, 270; Bjarnason , Triumph, 16; John Melady, Korea (Toronto: Macmillan, 1983), 78; Berton, Marching, 501. On Australians conceding a...