African Migrations: Patterns and Perspectives

Index

INDEX Aac, Ndeye Astu, 234, 239–241, 243n11 Aboubacar, Diakite, 169 academic obligation, 170–171 Achebe, Chinua, 64 Adeboye, Enoch, 187, 188 Adichie, Chimamanda, 279 Adogame, Afe, 10, 13 affair-u-jigeen (women’s business), 249 “African Church Plans Christian Disneyland” (Farwell), 173 African Hair Gallery, 240 African National Congress (ANC), 105 African Renaissance, 104 African Union (AU), 83, 86 African-led churches, 178–179, 183, 188, 189 Afro revolution, 233 age of migration, 1 agriculture: rural, 97; sexuality and, 130n7 Ahmadi, V., 226 AIDS. See HIV/AIDS alal (displays of wealth), 260 alienation, 100, 163–167, 169 All African Women’s Group, 224 Ambiguous Adventure (Kane), 64 Amisi, B., 106 Amnesty International, 69 Amnesty Law of 1986, 233, 252 ANAPEC. See National Agency for Employment Promotion and Skills ANC. See African National Congress Andersson, Jens, 127 Anduru, Agoro, 116, 124 Anthias, F., 187 anthropological folklore, 124 anthropological studies, 6–7 anti-immigration, 72–73; political ideology, 66; riots, 69 apartheid, 97, 98 artificial hair, 232 Ashimolowo, Matthew, 179, 188 Asia, 80–83, 86, 88 L’Association des Nigeriens de New York, 138 Association of African-Style Hair Salon Owners of Philadelphia, 238 asylum seekers, 66, 68; feminization and, 211–226; gender-related persecution and, 217–224; survival strategies and, 224–225; women as, 212–217 atomization, 103, 106–107 AU. See African Union Augé, M., 177 autochthony, 7 Baay Faal, 245n27 Babou, Cheikh Anta, 12 Baldwin, James, 65 Ballard, R., 106 Bamba, Amadou, 241, 248, 250–252, 254, 258 baraka (religious grace), 249, 255, 256, 261, 263n9 beautification practices, 260 Beck, U., 107 “been to,” 277–278 Bellu, Giovanni Maria, 62 belonging, 59, 93–95, 125–127; fragmentation and marginalization and, 99–100; gatekeepers and globalization and, 100–102; new Index 290 forms of, 107–109; rural-urban migration and, 121–123; self-identified host community and, 96–98; state primacy and, 98–99; tactical cosmopolitanism and, 102–107 benchmarking, 85–86, 223 Benhabib, Seyla, 71 Berlusconi, Silvio, 72 Biafra-Nigeria War, 276, 279 bias: gender, 218; systemic, 25 bilingual language transmission, 283 Billy Jean (hair salon), 233 black hair fashions, 233–234; dreadlocks, 245n27. See also hair braiding Black Seminoles, 55n9 Black Women’s Rape Action Project, 220 blood donors, 129n3 boat journeys, 52 body art, 231 Bop, Codou, 255 Boserup, Esther, 235 Bossi, Umberto, 72 Bossi-Fini, 62 brain circulation, 78–79, 81–82, 84 brain drain, 6, 271; professionals, 274 brain gain, 82 brassage (cultural and ethnic blending ), 140 Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, 19–20, 22–24, 25, 31n1 breadwinners, 114 bridewealth, 147 Broadway Marquis Theater, 248 brown areas, 99 Bruni, Frank, 70 Buggenhagen, Beth, 12 Caam, Mbay, 239 Caam, Yaasin, 244n19 care and maintenance, 199–203 care systems, 124–125 Carter, Donald, 5 cash offerings, 256 castes, 231, 238 Castles, Stephen, 1 Catholicism, 67 cell phones, 148–152 Center of Information and Migration Management (CIGEM), 51 centers of initial reception, 70 central pillars, of cosmopolitanism, 102 Centri di Permanenza temporanea e Assistenza (CPTAs), 74n8 Centri di Prima Acooglienza (centers of initial reception), 70 children, 12, 117; of asylum seekers , 214; authorization permit for, 57n27; inheritance and, 119; trafficking , 53; wealth of, 23. See also youths chira (disease), 122–123 chosen migration, 5–6 Christians, 43, 72, 175 Christian Disneyland, 173, 184, 185 Christian Peoples Alliance (CPA), 182 churches, 10, 67, 105–106; Africanled , 178–179, 183, 188, 189. See also specific churches Churchill, Winston, 87 Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio, 72 CIGEM. See Center of Information and Migration Management circular migrants, 141, 142–145, 251–254 citizenship, tactical, 107 civil servants, 28 Claims of Culture, The (Benhabib), 71 Clifford, James, 54n1, 137, 138 Cliggett, Lisa, 24 Cockburn, C., 226 co-development programs, 36, 50 co-ethnics, 272, 282 Cold War, 80, 225 collective welfare, 23 colonial capital, 2 commensality, 257 Commission on Human Rights, UN, 223 Committee for Refugees and Immigrants , U.S., 197 291 Index communication, 151; cell phones, 148–152; ICTs, 87–88; strategy, 52; technologies, 9, 272 community identification, 280–283 comprehensive immigration reform, 62 Condition of Post-modernity, The (Harvey), 160 conflict, 19, 215; gender and, 167; religion and, 175; remittances and, 155; sexual violence and, 220; voyage as, 49 contestation, 175 Cooper, Barbara, 260 cosmopolitan consciousness, 102 cosmopolitanism, 100; tactical, 102–107 Coulon, Christian, 256, 263n9 counter-hegemonic strategy, 106 CPA. See Christian Peoples Alliance CPTAs. See Centri di Permanenza temporanea e Assistenza Crawley, H., 218, 219 Creevey, Lucy, 256...