Chieftaincy, the State, and Democracy: Political Legitimacy in Post-Apartheid South Africa

Index

index | 275 index access to services: conflicts over, 185–92, 197–216; equality of, 122–24, 201–202, 226; levels of, 170–71, 197; local delivery of, 140–43, 174–85; and performance legitimacy, 28–30, 141–42, 197–98; research on, 36–38 accommodation, triangle of, 15, 143 African National Congress (ANC): and chieftaincy, 9, 148; delivery of development by, 122, 140–42, 169–75, 248n1; and democracy, 1–2; vs. Inkatha, 82, 84–85, 109–14, 126, 129, 142, 152, 239–40n18, 249n13; and mixed polity, 30, 81, 83–89, 103– 104, 219; policies of, 14, 83–89; as “transformative movement,” 81–82 amabutho military units, 47, 49, 65–66, 76 ancestors, chief as link to, 8, 41, 48 Anglo-Zulu War of 1879, 48, 65–66 anti-apartheid movement, 84–85, 121 apartheid: Bantustans under, 6, 61; bifurcated state under, 13–14; consultation under, 72–73; end of, 78; establishment of, 61; legacies of, 1–2; and mixed polity, 219; traditional principles under, 67–79 attitudes surveyed: on chieftaincy, 198–203, 208, 214–16, 222, 247n51; on democracy, 114–17, 135, 227–29, 242nn31,32; on development, 145–47, 149–51; on local government , 138–39, 141–42, 163–67 authority: autonomous, 2; balance of, 204–205; contextual view of, 55–56, 78; expansion of, 222–24; of king, 46–47; in local government, 137–67; limits of, 147, 195–96; in mixed polity, 132–36; over people vs. land, 44; overlapping, 137; of state, 13–15, 64–67; supernatural, 47–48; as syncretic, 4, 19, 21, 23 Bambatha uprising, 69, 76 Bantu Authorities Act of 1951, 6, 61, 64–66, 72–73, 77, 102–103 Bantustan system, 6, 41, 77, 82, 225 Bayete salute, 65 Biyela, Bhekabelungu, chief: background of, 36; and Chamane, 133–34, 249n19; death of, 231; and development, 176, 180–81, 183–84, 189–90, 192; on elected council, 147; in election of 1999, 125–29, 221–22; and politics, 111, 112; public perceptions of, 199–205, 213 Biyela, Hashi, 69–72 Biyela, May, 231 Biyela, Zalaba, and Zimva Biyela, 70–72 Biyela, Zimva. See Zalaba Biyela boundaries: blurred, 19, 137–38, 153–54, 162, 224–25; political, 276 | index 39–43; and kingship, 46–49; legitimacy of, 2–4, 192–230; and ongoing change, 221–33; number of members , 5–6, 233n1; as syncretizing, 227; as term, 5; territorial definition of, 76–77; theories on resiliency of, 12–17; as tier of government, 105, 157; urban awareness of, 4 Citizen and Subject (Mamdani), 13–15 Comaroff, John, 223; and Jean, 27 Communal Land Act of 2004, 80, 104, 168 community welfare principle: in colonial and apartheid periods, 67–79; in development projects, 204–206; in pre-colonial period, 50–52, 54–55; as principle of unity, 42 Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA), 82, 84–89, 99–102, 239–40n18 Constitution of South Africa: final, 1–2, 97, 105–106, 121–22, 157, 238n3; interim, 80, 83–89, 239n7 Constitutional Court (CC), 88–89 consultation principle: in colonial and apartheid periods, 67–79; and democracy, 117, 120–21; and local government, 93; in pre-colonial period, 50–54; as principle of unity, 42 council: local, 90–92, 96–97; regional, 138–39, 155–62; traditional , 6, 101–102, 130–33, 231–32 Crais, Clifton, 27, 104 culture: and legitimacy, 164–65, 223–24; reflected in constitution, 84–89; and rights, 12, 15 customary law, 13, 87, 88, 98–100, 120–21, 237–38n20 Cyprian, king, 72–73 democracy: African, 227–30; ANC and, 1–2; attitudes on, 114–17, 135, 227–29, 242nn31,32; chiefs’ need 137–67; pre-colonial, 44; set by law, 5–7, 247n56; territorial, 76–77 Bratton, Michael, 15 British rule, establishment of, 59–62 Buthelezi, Gatsha, 9, 41, 48, 75, 82, 84, 121–22 Cape Colony, 60 case studies, 30–38 cattle, as wealth, 54–55 Cetshwayo, king, 60–61, 64–66, 236n8 Chamane, Vusi: and Biyela, 133–34, 231, 249n19; and development, 176, 180–81, 183–85, 189–92; in election of 1999, 125–29, 221–22; on induna role, 250n27; and Inkatha, 152; and regional council, 155–56, 161 chiefs: allegiance to, chosen, 44, 54; daily responsibilities of, 7–8; and development, 167–216; dispute resolution role of, 7, 44, 51, 53–54, 74, 120–21, 185–92, 207–208; education of, 36–38; and elected councilors, 146–53; election of, 196, 198, 209–10; as government representatives, 67; judicial role of, 73...