Who Will Write Our History?: Emanuel Ringelblum, the Warsaw Ghetto, and the Oyneg Shabes Archive

Note on Language Use

xiii How to spell the names of cities like Warsaw, Lodz, Lwów, Vilna, or Krakow is not an easy matter to decide. In the multinational spaces of Eastern Europe, which saw frequent changes in political sovereignty until the end of World War II, cities were often known under different names. The Polish Lwów was the Austrian-German Lemberg and the Ukrainian L’viv. Jews, who made up a sizable proportion of the city’s inhabitants often used the Yiddish Lemberik or Lemberg, especially when the city was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Vilna presents even greater problems. Claimed by Poles (Wilno), Lithuanians (Vilnius), and Belorussians (Vil’na), Vilna changed hands seven times just between the years 1915 and 1922! Vilna Jews, who modestly believed that they were living in Yerushalyim d’Lite, the Jerusalem of Lithuania, called Vilna by its Yiddish name, Vilne. The proper Polish spellings of Warsaw and Lodz are Warszawa and Łódź. Poznan, Posen in German, is spelled Poznań. The proper spelling of Krakow or Cracow is Kraków. To simplify matters this book will use common English spellings for large cities like Warsaw, Lodz, and Krakow. Lwów will remain Lwów while Wilno will be called Vilna. Smaller cities will receive proper Polish spellings with diacritics. note on language use 24 23 22 21 20 19 17 15 13 11 10 6 5 14 4 2 2 11 11 10 7 3 2 1 1 Powazkowska Spokojna Kolska Dzika O k o p o w a Św. Kingi Sołtyka Gliniana Sachaczew O z i k o Szczesliwa S m o c z a Stawki Plac Parysow L u b e c k i a g o L u b e c k i e g o Libelta Ostrowska Wołynska Majzelsa Muranowska Nowoliple Ogrodowa Chłodna Myin Nowolipie O S o l n a M i r o w Elekto W a li có w C ie p ta C ie p ta P la c K er ce le g o Leszno Chłodna Krochmaina W ro ni a T o w a r o w a Grzybowska Łucka Ceglona Plac Kazimierza Wielkiego Pańska Prosta Srebrna M ie d z ia n a Sienna T w a r d a Ż e la z n a Slis Tw B o n i Gẹzia Mło ciń ska Błonska Kon arsk ieg P a r y s o w a k a K a m p in o w s k a W ie z ie n n a Nowolipki K a r m a l i c k a Zam enhofa Se ro ko w Prz eb ieg Plac Muranowska Plac Mirowski Z a m e n h o f a N a l e w k i P o k o r n a Żoliborska Stawki Niska Niska Mita Ok op ow a W ro n ia Wolność S m o c z a Kacza Żytnia Pawia Dzielna Gẹsia Długosza K a ro lk aw a M ły n a rs k a Mireckiego Sm et na Jewish Cemetery Wawrzyszewska (Jewish residential zone), according to the German decree of August 7, 1940 Ghetto borders on November 16, 1940 (the date the ghetto was established) Border changes during February-April 1941 Ghetto borders on July 22, 1942 (the beginning of the mass deportation) Area of the ghetto remaining on April 19, 1943 (the first day of the uprising) Gates of the ghetto Overpass Principal public institutions Locations of fighting during the uprising of January 1943 Positions and bunkers of the Jewish fighters during the uprising of April-May 1943 Churches Railroad 21 19 19 18 15 13 12 11 11 10 9 8 6 14 11 10 8 2 1 św. Krzyska Majzelsa ska W y b r z e ż e G d a ń s k i e Senatorska Grzybowska Leszno Mying Nowolipie R y m a r s k a O r l a S o l n a D ł u g o Tłomackie Zechodnia Sh órz an o Płesia M i r o w Elektoreina Żabia Pròżng Krotlewska Gra nicz na Zelaznej Z ie ln a C ie p ta C ie p ta Ceglona Aleje Jerozolimskie S o s n o w a Chmielna Złota Sliska K o m it e ł M a r ia n s...