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Notes Introduction 1. For example, see Roger I. Abrams, Legal Bases: Baseball and the Law (Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 1998); Jerold J. Duquette, Regulating the National Pastime: Baseball and Antitrust (Westport, Conn.: Prager, 1999), Ed Edmonds,“Over Forty Years in the On-deck Circle: Congress and the Baseball Antitrust Exemption,” Thurgood Marshall Law Review 19 (1994); Gordon Hylton, “Why Baseball’s Antitrust Exemption Still Survives,” Marquette Sports Law Journal 9 (1999); Andrew Zimbalist, “Baseball Economics and Antitrust Immunity,” Seton Hall Journal of Sport Law 4 (1994). 2. For example, see Gary Hailey,“Anatomy of a Murder: The Federal League and the Courts,” National Pastime (Spring 1985): 73. Chapter 1. The Rivalry Begins 1. “Federal League Will War On Majors to the Finish,” Atlanta Constitution, October 16, 1913, 10. 2. Daniel R. Levitt, The Battle that Forged Modern Baseball: The Federal League Challenge and Its Legacy (Lanham, Md.: Ivan R. Dee, 2012), 34; Robert Peyton Wiggins, The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs: The History of an Outlaw Major League, 1914–1915 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2009), 6; “Columbian League Awards Franchise,” Milwaukee Sentinel, February. 13, 1912, 2. 3. Levitt, The Battle that Forged Modern Baseball, 36–37; Wiggins, The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs, 10. 4. Levitt, The Battle that Forged Modern Baseball, 38; Wiggins, The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs, 10–11, 17. 5. Levitt, The Battle that Forged Modern Baseball, 42; “This Federal Child Renounces Father,” Sporting News, August 7, 1913, 1. 6. Levitt, The Battle that Forged Modern Baseball, 42. Grow_text.indd 229 12/20/13 11:37 AM 230 notes to chapter one 7. Ibid., 42–43; Wiggins, The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs, 22, 26. 8. Lee Lowenfish, The Imperfect Diamond: A History of Baseball’s Labor Wars (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980, 2010), 16. 9. Killefer Answer, Weeghman v. Killefer, Exhibit A, National Archives, Chicago, Illinois. 10. Ibid. 11. Ibid. 12. Abrams, Legal Bases, 33. 13. G. Edward White, Creating the National Pastime: Baseball Transforms Itself 1903–1953 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 48. 14. Ibid., 49. 15. Abrams, Legal Bases, 19. 16. 9 N.Y.S. 779 (1890). 17. Ibid. 18. Brooklyn Baseball Club v. McGuire, 116 F. 782 (E.D. Pa. 1902); Metropolitan Exhibition Company v Ewing, 42 F. 198 (S.D.N.Y. 1890); Philadelphia Ball Club v. Hallman, 8 Pa.C.C. 57 (1890); American Association Base-Ball Club of Kansas City v. Pickett, 8 Pa.C.C. 232 (1890); Harrisburg Base-Ball Club v. American Association , 8 Pa.C.C. 337 (1890). 19. 202 Pa. 210 (1902). 20. Abrams, Legal Bases, 40. 21. E. G. Barrow to August Herrmann, November 26, 1913, Federal League Suit Papers, Box 2, Folder 1, National Baseball Hall of Fame Library, Cooperstown, New York (hereafter FLSP). 22. 15 U.S.C. § 1; Duquette, Regulating the National Pastime, 10. 23. 15 U.S.C. § 2. 24.Wiggins, The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs, 5; Lowenfish, The Imperfect Diamond, 70. 25. Eugene C. Murdock, Ban Johnson: Czar of Baseball (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982), 18–19, 31; Charles C. Alexander, Our Game: An American Baseball History (New York: MJF Books, 1991), 76. 26. Alexander, Our Game, 75; Levitt, The Battle that Forged Modern Baseball, 16–18. 27. Lowenfish, The Imperfect Diamond, 70. 28.“Anti-Trust Law in Baseball War,” New York Times, December 31, 1913, 12. 29. Ibid. 30. Ibid. 31. “Are the Ball Leagues in Restraint of Trade?” Christian Science Monitor, March 14, 1912, 16. 32. “Congress is After the Baseball Trust,” New York Times, April 20, 1913, 1; Charles C. Alexander, Ty Cobb (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), 112, 133; “Capitol Sneers at ‘Baseball Inquiry’,” Washington Herald, May 13, 1913. Grow_text.indd 230 12/20/13 11:37 AM [44.210.107.64] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 00:30 GMT) notes to chapter one 231 33.“Congressional Probe for Organized Baseball,”Pittsburgh Gazette, March 22, 1913; John Toole to T. J. Lynch, June 17, 1913, August “Garry” Herrmann Papers, Box 114, Folder 3, National Baseball Hall of Fame Library, Cooperstown, New York (hereafter HP); “Federal League Protests,” New York Times, June 16, 1913, 7. 34. National Commission Confidential Memorandum, Undated, HP, Box 114, Folder 2. 35. Ibid. 36. Ban Johnson to August Herrmann, May 23, 1913, HP, Box 114, Folder 3. 37. “Baseball in House,” Washington Post, April 23, 1913, 1. 38.William A. Cook, August “Garry” Herrmann: A Baseball Biography (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland...