Quaker Brotherhood: Interracial Activism and the American Friends Service Committee, 1917-1950

Notes

Notes Introduction. The “Friendly Principle of Brotherhood’ 1. Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, vii. 2. Minutes of a Meeting of the AFSC, May 28, 1925, AFSC Minutes: General Meeting, 1925, AFSC. 3. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 255. 4. Hamm, The Quakers in America, 157. 5. McDaniel and Julye, Fit for Freedom, 261–62; Barbour et al., Quaker Crosscurrents, 224–25. 6. Jordan, Slavery and the Meetinghouse, 1. 7. Gara, The Liberty Line, 1. 8. Jordan, Slavery and the Meetinghouse, 123. 9. Gara, The Liberty Line, 11. 10. Jordan, Slavery and the Meetinghouse, 124. 11. Melville, Moby-Dick, 71. 12. Drake, Quakers and Slavery in America, 184–85. 13. Gara, The Liberty Line, 81. 14. McDaniel and Julye, Fit for Freedom, xi, xv–xx, 110. 15. Ibid., xi. 16. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 1–51; Jones, Quakers in Action; Jones, Swords into Ploughshares. 17. Drake, Quakers and Slavery in America; Soderlund, Quakers and Slavery; Gara, The Liberty Line; Jordan, Slavery and the Meetinghouse. 18. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 254. 19. Appelbaum, Kingdom to Commune, 39–40; 124–27. 20. Mollin, Radical Pacifism; McDaniel and Julye, Fit for Freedom. 21. Brock and Young, Pacifism in the Twentieth Century, 14–15. 22. Lynn, Progressive Women, 122, 70. 198 Notes to Introduction 23. Butler, “Jack-in-the-Box Faith,” 1357–78; McDaniel and Julye, Fit for Freedom, xi. 24. Mechling and Mechling, “Hot Pacifism and Cold War,” 176. 25. Appelbaum, Kingdom to Commune, 5, 112. 26. Chafe, The Unfinished Journey; Payne, “Debating the Civil Rights Movement.” 27. Hollinger, Postethnic America. 28. Cazden, “The Modernist Reinvention of Quakerism,” 127–28. 29. Ingle, “The American Friends Service Committee, 1947–49,” 29; Fager, Quaker Service at the Crossroads, 17. 30. Hamm, The Quakers in America, 179–80. 31. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 9. 32. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 9–10; Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, 13, 287; Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 252. 33. Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, 12–13. 34. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 3–6. 35. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 250–51; Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message ,’” 6–10. 36. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 255. 37. Ibid., 225–27; Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, 3. 38. McDaniel and Julye, Fit for Freedom, 216. 39. Bacon, Let This Life Speak, 301. 40. Ibid., 1; Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 263, 301. 41. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 10–12. 42. Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, 17. 43. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 12–14; Barbour and Frost, The Quakers , 254. 44. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 14–25; Jones, Swords into Ploughshares , 318. 45. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 25–28; Barbour and Frost, The Quakers , 254. 46. Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, 20. 47. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 31–38; Barbour and Frost, The Quakers , 253. 48. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 38–41; Barbour and Frost, The Quakers , 253–54. 49. Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, 20, 128. 50. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 41–46; Jones, Swords into Ploughshares , 131. 51. Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, 128; Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 47. 52. Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 47–48. 53. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 254. They also point out that even today the AFSC remains known primarily for its work in emergencies created by war. Ibid., 256. 54. Lynn, Progressive Women, 25. 55. Quoted in Fager, Quaker Service at the Crossroads, 137. 56. Quoted in Hostetter, “Liberation in One Organization,” 581. Notes to Introduction and Chapter 1 199 57. McDaniel and Julye, Fit for Freedom, 174, 181. 58. Jones, Swords into Ploughshares, ix–x. Chapter 1. “Let’s Do Away with Walls!” 1. Untitled and undated document, AFSC Conferences, 1924, AFSC; “Extracts of Minutes Sent to Executive Board and Committee on Reorganization,” n.d. [1924], AFSC Executive Board, 1924, AFSC; Frost, “‘Our Deeds Carry Our Message,’” 43. 2. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 217. 3. Hamm, “Facing a Fractured Quakerism,” 11; McDaniel and Julye, Fit for Freedom, 216–19; Barbour et al., Quaker Crosscurrents, 242–43. 4. Barbour and Frost, The Quakers, 262. 5. Cazden, “The Modernist Reinvention of Quakerism,” 1–2, 26, 69; Cazden, Fellowships, Conferences, and Associations, 8; Appelbaum, Kingdom to Commune, 39; Barbour et al., Quaker Crosscurrents, 210–14, 225, 229, 234. 6. Cazden, “The Modernist Reinvention of Quakerism,” 72–74, 77–78, 81, 158–59; Cazden, Fellowships, Conferences, and...