Echoes of Chongqing: Women in Wartime China

Index

Index Page numbers in italics indicate an illustration or table. Academy of Sciences of Western China, 117–18 acsuc (Association for Chinese and Soviet Union Cultures), 148 agriculture, 98, 164 Air Eurasia, 14 air-raids: and daily lives, 84, 85–86, 89, 100; discrepancies in shelter conditions, 69, 85, 93, 111; disruption of small business, 100, 104, 107; experiences by social class, 100, 121–22; and government response, 32; and mothers and children, 36, 58, 61–64, 69, 100; students and, 42, 151; in Wuhan, 55 all-out war against China, 14, 189n48 American journalists, 22 American women, 3, 6, 95, 207 anti-Japanese nationalism, 7, 129 anti-Japanese war: 66, 81, 95, 193n19 Bai Herong, 129, 149, 149–58, 181, 182 bandits, 68–71 Beipei: ccp activities in, 156; as educational and cultural center, 119, 154; kangshu in, 143; as Lu’s power base, 118, 153; and war mobilization, 120; in wartime, 98–99 bombardment: May 3 and 4, 1939, 80, 85, 109; memory of, 99, 107; after 1941, 99; 1943, 102; strategic bombing, 38; summer of 1939, 69; winter of 1939, 70 business: airline, 14; air-raids and, 64, 104, 107; as ccp disguise, 173; governmentrun , 101; management, 118, 165; postwar , 179–81; run by women, 106, 111, 142; as school subject, 163–64; shipping, 13, 117; small/local, 56, 93, 97, 100, 106–7; in Songji, 13, 124; war’s impact on, 43, 51–54, 107, 154; of the wealthy, 33, 81–83, 179, 182 ccp-controlled regions. See under Chinese Communist Party (ccp) Chang Longyu, 114, 114–21, 181, 182 Changshou, 17, 188n36 Chengdu: 13, 14, 110, 117, 163 Chen Guojun, 33, 78, 78–83, 129, 180, 182 China National Aviation Corporation (cnac), 14, 189n46 China’s War of Resistance against Japan: ccp and, 132; fiftieth anniversary of, 27; history of, 25, 97; memory and, 178–79, 195; and state-building, 32; study of, 1–3, 5–8, 28; support for, 43, 128, 134 Chinese Communist Party (ccp): controlled regions of, 3, 10, 25, 26; disguises for activity, 161, 173–74; history of, 22–26, i-xii_1-220_Li.indd 209 8/13/09 3:19:40 PM 210 . index 131; against Japan, 180; leaders of, 175; membership and placement of, 58, 96, 140–43, 145–48; people’s involvement in, 195n12; and political third parties, 131–33; publications of, 17, 28–29, 168; public relations of, 131, 144; recruitment, 59, 131–32, 137–39; relationship with the gmd, 9, 19, 33, 128; relations with local powerholders , 120; rules of, 147; on school campuses, 45, 49, 78, 117; Second United Front, 19, 136, 141; underground, 131, 157, 169–73, 179, 185; and war mobilization, 19; women in, 131–32, 137, 155–58, 170–75; and women’s organizations, 20–21 Chinese industrial Dunkirk, 15 Chinese Revolution, 26, 188n34, 196n14 Chongqing: contributions to the war, 10; history of, 10–22; location of, 10, 188n36; Peidu culture, 181; periphery-center debate , 16, 18, 25; war memory of, 177–78, 180 Chongqing women: memories of, 4, 177; oral history of, 10, 27, 129; survival strategies of, 31–32; war efforts of, 102; wartime culture and, 35; wartime stories of, 7, 32–33, 36, 94 Christian organizations, 180, 45–46, 50 civil societies and organizations: roles of 10, 129; women’s organizations, 29, 160 collective memory, 3–5, 195n10, 204 communication systems, 14, 96 Cui Xiangyu, 36, 61, 61–65, 182, 183 Cultural Revolution: generation of, 186, 195n14, 196; suffering during, 179–180, 184, 185, 186 culture of displacement, 18 Dagongbao (L’Impartial), 17, 46 death: from bombardment, 92, 112, 192– 93n13; of child, 60, 64; of family members , 186; fate of, 91, 93; of fathers, 39, 114; of friends, 56; of husbands, 110, 183; of individuals, 5; of Lu Xun, 162; of mothers, 71, 151–52; of parents, 33, 65, 99; rescued from, 69; suffocated to, 89; trampled to, 65, 108, 111; of wives, 38 Deng Yingchao: article by, 170; and the Eighth Route Army Office, 19; as leader of xyczfzw, 180; lecture by, 82; May Fourth veteran, 132; and the underground ccp, 174; and the zzeb, 74 Dianqian Road, 13 displacement, suffering of, 55–77 domestic sphere/domesticity, 7, 34, 36, 96 economic hardship: of average people, 2, 94, 142; of families, 53–54, 152; inflation, 4, 178; of the poor, 34, 47–50, 59, 111; of rural people, 157. See also under suffering educated women, 5, 22, 35, 130 education: in Beipei, 118–19; college, 50; desires for...