City of Clerks: Office and Sales Workers in Philadelphia, 1870-1920

Index

Index Academy of Music, 83, 84, 103 accountants, 43 administrative revolution, 13, 14 African Americans, 170n41; businesses owned by, 25, 171n47; and civil service employment, 24–25; department-store employment of, 24; employment at Wanamaker’s, 24. See also clerical work: upward mobility of African Americans; clerical workforce: African Americans in Allegheny Oil and Iron Company, 34 amateur athletics: Associated Cycling Clubs of Philadelphia, 98; baseball, 87; baseball and clerical workers, 90–92; basketball and clerical workers, 92–93; bicycling and clerical workers, 93–102; bicycling and mixed-gender leisure, 95–96; bowling and clerical workers, 92; commercial baseball leagues, 91; Commercial Bowling League, 92; cycling clubs, 98; cycling fad, 98; cycling tourism, 100; employers’ views of, 88; League of American Wheelmen, 99; and male clerical workers, 87–88; and masculinity, 88; and muscular Christianity , 88; ordinary bicycle, 93; purchasing bicycles, 99; safety bicycle, 93; sport creed, 87. See also Peirce Alumni Cyclers; Strawbridge and Clothier: Athletic Association; Strawbridge and Clothier: employee athletics American Baptist Publication Society, 127 American Hotel, 152 Ancient Order of Hibernians, 148 Angora neighborhood: clerks in, 150–52; and Cobb’s Creek Park, 150; dependent clerical workers, 151; Kingsessing Park, 150; Robert and George Callaghan (founders), 150; social structure of, 151 Association Hall, 83 Association of Collegiate Alumnae (Philadelphia branch), 37 Atlantic City, N.J., 80, 110 Bank Clerks Athletic Association, 88 banks, 54 Barrow, W. Bruce, 36 beneficial societies, 81–82 Benson, Susan Porter, 51, 124, 135, 171n48 Berlinger, William G., 120 Biddle Hardware Company, 34 blackface minstrelsy, 116, 129–41; and Argyle Minstrel Club, 135–36; and cash boys and girls, 138; and clerical work ideals, 6, 129– 30; and Clover Mandolin Club, 133–35; and commercial leisure economy, 129, 137; and coon songs, 131; and gender, 134–35; Ham and Egg Club, 136; Heed Club, 136; and immigrants, 129–30, 137; and masculine ambition, 136; professional minstrels, 130–31, 137–40; racial content of, 130. See also Dumont, Frank; Sampson, Harry L.; Strawbridge & Clothier Store Chat: discussion of blackface minstrelsy blue-collar workers: and the collar line, 204 Index 74–75; differences between clerical workers and, 2 Blumenthal, Joseph, 14–15 Blumin, Stuart, 11, 167n2, 175n48 boardinghouse keepers, 29 boardinghouses: description of, 152–53 Bookkeepers’ BeneficialAssociation (BBA),82 bookkeeping, 28, 43 Braverman, Harry, 168n12 Breerwood, Charles H., 41 Broad Street Station, 43, 89 Brotherhood of Telegraphers, 170n39 Brown, Tom (character in Peirce School promotional literature), 33–34, 59 Brush Electric Company, 104 Bryn Mawr, 101 Bryson, Harold, 36 Bureau of Occupations for Trained Women, 37 business colleges, 14; job placement by, 33; in Philadelphia, 61; training clerical workers , 21 Business Educators’ Association, 61 Carnegie, Andrew, 13, 118 Carver, George Washington, 135 cash boys, 49, 89–90 Cattell, Henry S., 42 C. B. Porter and Company, 41 Centennial Exhibition, 93, 153 central business district, Philadelphia (CBD), 43, 143, 145, 149 Cheltenham Electric Light, Heat, and Power Company, 41 Chicago school of sociology, 143 Chinatown (San Francisco), 108–9 clerical revolution, 20, 26 clerical work: conditions of, 2, 43; de-skilling of, 18; experiences, female, 13–14; experiences , male, 13–14; feminine views of, 4; feminization of, 28; gender issues in, 31; gender segregation in, 54–55; job security, 17; masculine views of, 4; mechanization of, 13–14; promotion and pay in, 57; qualities of, 16–18; upward mobility in, 19, 44; upward mobility in, of African Americans , 24; upward mobility in of men, 14, 15–16, 18, 21, 120; upward mobility in, of women, 42, 120–22; women in, 3, 10, 13; workers views of, 4, 5. See also hiring process ; workplace virtues clerical workers: job experiences of, 49–50; as part of white-collar workforce, 2; preindustrial , 11–13; residential patterns for, in 1870, 144–46; residential patterns for, in 1920, 149; salaries for, 2, 17; unionization of, 18, 122–23, 128; and whiteness, 116, 132; widowhood of, 42; women in preindustrial workplace, 12. See also workplace virtues clerical workforce: African Americans in, 22–25; gender composition of, 25–31; growth of, 19–20; immigrants in, 22; industrial -era changes in, 9, 13; job diversity in, 43; nativity of, 21–22, 29; position of, in white-collar workforce, 17; position of, in urban society, 18; racial composition of, 22–25; relationship of, to blue-collar workforce, 17, 18; structure, 4, 16; youthfulness of, 40, 79–80 Clothier, Clarkson, 83–84, 116 Clothier, Isaac H., 89 Clover Mandolin Club, 103, 114. See also blackface minstrelsy: and Clover Mandolin Club Cohen, Miriam, 77...