In this Book

Summa Contra Gentiles, 4
summary

Book Four of the Summa Contra Gentiles examines what God has revealed through scripture, specifically the Trinity, the Incarnation, and the end of the world.

The Summa Contra Gentiles is not merely the only complete summary of Christian doctrine that St. Thomas has written, but also a creative and even revolutionary work of Christian apologetics composed at the precise moment when Christian thought needed to be intellectually creative in order to master and assimilate the intelligence and wisdom of the Greeks and the Arabs. In the Summa Aquinas works to save and purify the thought of the Greeks and the Arabs in the higher light of Christian Revelation, confident that all that had been rational in the ancient philosophers and their followers would become more rational within Christianity.

Book 1 of the Summa deals with God; Book 2, Creation; and Book 3, Providence.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
  2. p. 1
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  1. Title Page, Copyright
  2. pp. i-iv
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. 5-10
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  1. Introduction
  2. pp. 11-28
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  1. Bibliography
  2. pp. 29-34
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  1. Chapter 1. FOREWORD
  2. pp. 35-40
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  1. Chapter 2. THAT THERE IS GENERATION, PATERNITY, AND SONSHIP IN THE DIVINITY
  2. pp. 40-42
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  1. Chapter 3. THAT THE SON OF GOD IS GOD
  2. pp. 42-43
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  1. Chapter 4.THE OPINION OF PHOTINUS ON THE SON OF GOD, AND ITS REFUTATION
  2. pp. 43-48
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  1. Chapter 5. THE OPINION OF SABEL LIUS ON THE SON OF GOD, AND ITS REFUTATION
  2. pp. 48-51
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  1. Chapter 6. THE OPINION OF ARIUS ABOUT THE SON OF GOD
  2. pp. 51-55
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  1. Chapter 7. REFUTATION OF THE OPINION OF ARIUS ON THE SON OF GOD
  2. pp. 55-62
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  1. Chapter 8. SOLUTION OF THE AUTHORITIES WHICH ARIUS PROPOSED FOR HIMSELF
  2. pp. 62-73
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  1. Chapter 9. SOLUTION OF THE AUTHORITIES OF PHOTINUS AND OF SABELLIUS
  2. pp. 73-75
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  1. Chapter 10. ARGUMENTS AGAINST DIVINE GENERATION AND PROCESSION
  2. pp. 75-79
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  1. Chapter 11. HOW GENERATION IS TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN DIVINITY, AND WHAT IS SAID OF THE SON OF GOD IN SCRIPTURE
  2. pp. 79-90
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  1. Chapter 12. HOW THE SON OF GOD MAY BE CALLED THE WISDOM OF GOD
  2. pp. 90-92
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  1. Chapter 13. THAT THERE IS BUT ONE SON IN THE DIVINITY
  2. pp. 92-97
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  1. Chapter 14. SOLUTION OF THE ARGUMENTS AGAINST DIVINE GENERATION PREVIOUSLY INTRODUCED
  2. pp. 97-103
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  1. Chapter 15. ON THE HOLY SPIRIT, THAT HE IS IN DIVINITY
  2. p. 104
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  1. Chapter 16. ARGUMENTS WHICH MADE SOME THINK THE HOLY SPIRIT A CREATURE
  2. pp. 104-107
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  1. Chapter 17. THAT THE HOLY SPIRIT IS TRUE GOD
  2. pp. 107-113
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  1. Chapter 18. THAT THE HOLY SPIRIT IS A SUBSISTENT PERSON
  2. pp. 113-116
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  1. Chapter 19. HOW ONE MUST UNDERSTAND WHAT IS SAID ABOUT THE HOLY SPIRIT
  2. pp. 116-119
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  1. Chapter 20. ON THE EFFECTS ATTRIBUTED TO THE HOLY SPIRIT IN SCRIPTURE REGARDING THE WHOLE CREATION
  2. pp. 119-121
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  1. Chapter 21. ON THE EFFECTS ATTRIBUTED TO THE HOLY SPIRIT IN SCRIPTURE REGARDING THE RATIONAL CREATURE, SO FAR AS GOD'S GIFTS TO US ARE CONCERNED
  2. pp. 121-125
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  1. Chapter 22. ON THE EFFECTS ATTRIBUTED TO THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THAT HE MOVES THE CREATURE TO GOD
  2. pp. 125-127
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  1. Chapter 23. AN ANSWER TO THE ARGUMENTS GIVEN ABOVE AGAINST THE DIVINITY OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
  2. pp. 127-133
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  1. Chapter 24. THAT THE HOLY SPIRIT PROCEEDS FROM THE SON
  2. pp. 133-141
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  1. Chapter 25. ARGUMENTS OF THOSE WHO WANT TO SHOW THAT THE HOLY SPIRIT DOES NOT PROCEED FROM THE SON AND THE ANSWERS
  2. pp. 141-143
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  1. Chapter 26. THAT THERE ARE BUT THREE PERSONS IN DIVINITY: THE FATHER, THE SON, AND THE HOLY SPIRIT
  2. pp. 143-146
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  1. Chapter 27. ON THE INCARNATION OF THE WORD ACCORDING TO THE TRADITION OF SCRIPTURE
  2. pp. 147-148
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  1. Chapter 28. ON THE ERROR OF PHOTINUS ABOUT THE INCARNATION
  2. pp. 148-149
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  1. Chapter 29. ON THE ERROR OF THE MANICHEANS ABOUT THE INCARNATION
  2. pp. 149-153
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  1. Chapter 30. ON THE ERROR OF VALENTINE ABOUT THE INCARNATION
  2. pp. 154-156
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  1. Chapter 31. ON THE ERROR OF APOLLINARIS ABOUT THE BODY OF CHRIST
  2. pp. 156-158
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  1. Chapter 32. ON THE ERROR OF ARIUS AND APOLLINARIS ABOUT THE SOUL OF CHRIST
  2. pp. 158-160
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  1. Chapter 33. ON THE ERROR OF APOLLINARIS, WHO SAYS THERE WAS NO RATIONAL SOUL IN CHRIST; AND THE ERROR OF ORIGEN, WHO SAYS THE SOUL OF CHRIST WAS CREATED BEFORE THE WORLD
  2. pp. 161-163
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  1. Chapter 34. ON THE ERROR OF THEODORE OF MOPSUESTE AND NESTORIUS ON THE UNION OF THE WORD TO MAN
  2. pp. 163-174
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  1. Chapter 35. AGAINST THE ERROR OF EUTYCHES
  2. pp. 174-179
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  1. Chapter 36. ON THE ERROR OF MACARIUS OF ANTIOCH, WHO HOLDS THERE IS BUT ONE WILL IN CHRIST
  2. pp. 180-182
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  1. Chapter 37. AGAINST THOSE WHO SAID THAT THE SOUL AND BODY DO NOT CONSTITUTE A UNITY IN CHRIST
  2. pp. 182-185
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  1. Chapter 38. AGAINST THOSE WHO PUT TWO SUPPOSITS OR HYPOSTASES IN THE ONE PERSON OF CHRIST
  2. pp. 185-189
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  1. Chapter 39. WHAT THE CATHOLIC FAITH HOLDS ABOUT THE INCARNATION OF CHRIST
  2. pp. 189-190
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  1. Chapter 40. OBJECTIONS AGAINST FAITH IN THE INCARNATION
  2. pp. 190-193
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  1. Chapter 41. HOW ONE SHOULD UNDERSTAND THE INCARNATION OF THE SON OF GOD
  2. pp. 193-197
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  1. Chapter 42. THAT THE ASSUMPTION OF HUMAN NATURE WAS MOST SUITED TO THE WORD OF GOD
  2. p. 198
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  1. Chapter 43. THAT THE HUMAN NATURE ASSUMED BY THE WORD DID NOT PRE-EXIST ITS ASSUMPTION, BUT WAS ASSUMED IN THE CONCEPTION ITSELF
  2. pp. 199-201
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  1. Chapter 44. THAT THE HUMAN NATURE ASSUMED BY THE WORD IN THE CONCEPTION ITSELF WAS PERFECT IN SOUL AND BODY
  2. pp. 201-202
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  1. Chapter 45. THAT IT BECAME CHRIST TO BE BORN OF A VIRGIN
  2. pp. 202-205
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  1. Chapter 46. THAT CHRIST WAS BORN OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
  2. pp. 205-206
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  1. Chapter 47. THAT CHRIST WAS NOT THE SON OF THE HOLY SPIRIT IN THE FLESH
  2. pp. 206-207
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  1. Chapter 48. THAT CHRIST MUST NOT BE CALLED A CREATURE
  2. pp. 207-208
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  1. Chapter 49. SOLUTION OF THE ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE INCARNATION GIVEN ABOVE
  2. pp. 208-211
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  1. Chapter 50. THAT ORIGINAL SIN IS TRANSMITTED FROM THE FIRST PARENT TO HIS DESCENDANTS
  2. pp. 212-214
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  1. Chapter 51. OBJECTIONS AGAINST ORIGINAL SIN
  2. pp. 215-217
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  1. Chapter 52. SOLUTION OF THE OBJECTIONS PROPOSED
  2. pp. 217-223
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  1. Chapter 53. ARGUMENTS WHICH SEEM TO PROVE THATGOD'S INCARNATION WAS NOT SUITAB LE
  2. pp. 223-227
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  1. Chapter 54. THAT IT WAS SUITABLE FOR GOD TO BE MADE FLESH
  2. pp. 228-233
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  1. Chapter 55. ANSWER TO THE ARGUMENTS PREVIOUSLY SET DOWN AGAINST THE SUITABILITY OF THE INCARNATION
  2. pp. 233-246
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  1. Chapter 56. ON THE NECESSITY OF THE SACRAMENTS
  2. pp. 246-248
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  1. Chapter 57. THE DISTINCTION OF THE SACRAMENTS OF THE OLD AND THE NEW LAW
  2. pp. 248-249
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  1. Chapter 58. ON THE NUMBER OF THE SACRAMENTS OF THE NEW LAW
  2. pp. 249-250
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  1. Chapter 59. ON BAPTISM
  2. pp. 250-251
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  1. Chapter 60. ON CONFIRMATION
  2. pp. 251-252
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  1. Chapter 61. ON THE EUCHARIST
  2. pp. 252-253
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  1. Chapter 62. ON THE ERROR OF THE INFIDELS ABOUT THE SACRAMENT OF THE EUCHARIST
  2. pp. 253-257
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  1. Chapter 63. SOLUTION OF THE DIFFICULTIES SET DOWN: FIRST, ABOUT THE CONVERSION OF THE BREAD INTO THE BODY OF CHRIST
  2. pp. 257-261
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  1. Chapter 64. SOLUTION OF THE OBJECTIONS MADE REGARDING PLACE
  2. pp. 261-262
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  1. Chapter 65. SOLUTION OF THE OBJECTIONS REGARDING ACCIDENTS
  2. pp. 262-264
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  1. Chapter 66. SOLUTION OF THE OBJECTIONS REGARDING ACTION AND PASSION
  2. pp. 264-267
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  1. Chapter 67. SOLUTION OF THE OBJECTIONS REGARDING FRACTION
  2. pp. 267-268
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  1. Chapter 68. SOLUTION OF THE AUTHORITY INTRODUCED
  2. pp. 268-269
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  1. Chapter 69. ON THE KIND OF BREAD AND WINE THAT ARE TO BE USED IN THIS SACRAMENT
  2. pp. 269-271
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  1. Chapter 70. ON THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE, AND, FIRST, THAT MEN AFTER RECEIVING SACRAMENTAL GRACE ARE ABLE TO SIN
  2. pp. 272-274
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  1. Chapter 71. THAT A MAN SINNING AFTER THE GRACE OF THE SACRAMENTS CAN BE CONVERTED BY GRACE
  2. pp. 275-277
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  1. Chapter 72. ON THE NECESSITY OF PENANCE AND OF ITS PARTS
  2. pp. 277-282
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  1. Chapter 73. ON THE SACRAMENT OF EXTREME UNCTION
  2. pp. 282-285
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  1. Chapter 74. ON THE SACRAMENT OF ORDERS
  2. pp. 285-288
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  1. Chapter 75. ON THE DISTINCTION OF ORDERS
  2. pp. 288-290
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  1. Chapter 76. ON THE EPISCOPAL POWER AND THAT THEREIN ONE IS THE HIGHEST
  2. pp. 290-292
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  1. Chapter 77. THAT THE SACRAMENTS CAN BE DISPENSED BY EVIL MINISTERS
  2. pp. 293-295
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  1. Chapter 78. ON THE SACRAMENT OF MATRIMONY
  2. pp. 295-296
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  1. Chapter 79. THAT THROUGH CHRIST THE RESURRECTION OF BODIES IS TO COME
  2. pp. 297-300
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  1. Chapter 80. OBJECTIONS AGAINST THE RESURRECTION
  2. pp. 300-301
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  1. Chapter 8I. SOLUTION OF THE OBJECTIONS MENTIONED
  2. pp. 302-308
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  1. Chapter 82. THAT MEN WILL RISE IMMORTAL
  2. pp. 308-311
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  1. Chapter 83. THAT AMONG THE RISEN THERE WILL BE NO USE OF FOOD OR SEXUAL LOVE
  2. pp. 311-320
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  1. Chapter 84. THAT THE BODIES OF THOSE WHO RISE WILL BE THE SAME IN NATURE
  2. pp. 320-323
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  1. Chapter 85. THAT THE BODIES OF THE RISEN WILL HAVE ANOTHER DISPOSITION
  2. pp. 323-325
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  1. Chapter 86. ON THE QUALITY OF GLORIFIED BODIES
  2. pp. 325-327
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  1. Chapter 87. ON THE PLACE OF THE GLORIFIED BODIES
  2. pp. 327-328
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  1. Chapter 88. ON THE SEX AND AGE OF THE RISEN
  2. pp. 328-329
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  1. Chapter 89. ON THE QUALITY OF THE RISEN BODIES AMONG THE DAMNED
  2. pp. 330-332
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  1. Chapter 90. HOW INCORPOREAL SUBSTANCES MAY SUFFER FROM BODILY FIRE
  2. pp. 332-334
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  1. Chapter 91. THAT IMMEDIATELY AFTER THEIR SEPARATION FROM THE BODY THE SOULS WILL RECEIVE PUNISHMENT OR REWARD
  2. pp. 334-338
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  1. Chapter 92. THAT THE SOULS OF THE SAINTS HAVE AFTER DEATH AN UNCHANGEABLE WILL IN THE GOOD
  2. pp. 338-341
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  1. Chapter 93. THAT AFTER DEATH THE SOULS OF THE WICKED HAVE A WILL UNCHANGEABLE IN EVIL
  2. pp. 341-342
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  1. Chapter 94. ON THE IMMUTABILITY OF WILL IN SOULS DETAINED IN PURGATORY
  2. p. 342
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  1. Chapter 95. ON THE IMMUTABILITY OF WILLS COMMONLY IN ALL SOUL S AFTER THEIR SEPARATION FROM THE BODY
  2. pp. 343-345
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  1. Chapter 96. ON THE LAST JUDGMENT
  2. pp. 345-346
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  1. Chapter 97. ON THE STATE OF THE WORLD AFTER THE JUDGMENT
  2. pp. 346-350
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  1. SUBJECT INDEX
  2. pp. 351-356
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  1. INDEX OF PROPER NAMES
  2. pp. 357-361
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