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summary
Leon Festinger's forty-year scrutiny of that "curious animal, the modern human being" fundamentally transformed psychological thinking and shaped an entire scientific field, that of social psychology. The twenty-four papers brought together for the first time in Extending Psychological Frontiers encompass the classic contributions and critical turning points of Festinger's long career. Spanning the post-war decades, this unprecedented volume reveals the full scope, diversity, and import of Festinger's work. Its thematic arrangement clarifies the complex network of problems that preoccupied Festinger and the unique imaginative style that characterized his intellect. Whether examining the voting behavior of Catholics and Jews, the meaning of minute eye movements, the decisions of maze-running rats, or the proselytizing behavior of cultists, Festinger consistently transcended the traditional bounds of the discipline. His theory of cognitive dissonance, which describes how people attempt to resolve the tensions that result when they hold simultaneously two inconsistent beliefs, challenged preexisting psychological theories and produced more important ideas and experimentation than any other development in social psychology. Major writings on group dynamics, decision making, and perceptual processes further underscore the impact of Festinger's research not only on psychology, but also on a wide range of intellectual fronts, from literary theory to ethnology and from historical studies to contemporary political analysis. Extending Psychological Frontiers is an invaluable resource, providing a comprehensive and coherent picture of an extraordinary body of work.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, Copyright
  2. pp. i-iv
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  1. Preface
  2. Stanley Schachter and Michael Gazzaniga
  3. pp. v-vi
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. vii-x
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  1. Introduction
  2. Henri Zukier
  3. pp. xi-xxiv
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  1. Part A. Individual Psychology
  1. 1. Wish, Expectation, and Group Standards as Factors Influencing Level of Aspiration
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 3-20
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  1. 2. A Theoretical Interpretation of Shifts in Level of Aspiration
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 21-34
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  1. 3. Level of Aspiration
  2. Kurt Lewin, Tamara Dembo, Leon Festinger, and Pauline Snedden Sears
  3. pp. 35-88
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  1. 4. A Quantitative Theory of Decision
  2. Darwin Cartwright and Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 89-114
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  1. Part B. Social Comparison Theory and Research
  1. 5. Informal Social Communication
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 117-133
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  1. 6. A Theory of Social Comparison Processes
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 134-160
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  1. 7. Interpersonal Communication in Small Groups
  2. Leon Festinger and John Thibaut
  3. pp. 161-175
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  1. 8. Tendencies Toward Group Comparability in Competitive Bargaining
  2. Paul J. Hoffman, Leon Festinger, and Douglas H. Lawrence
  3. pp. 176-198
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  1. Part C. Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Research
  1. 9. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 201-237
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  1. 10. The Arousal and Reduction of Dissonance in Social Contexts
  2. Leon Festinger and Elliot Aronson
  3. pp. 238-257
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  1. 11. When Prophecy Fails
  2. Leon Festinger, Henry W. Riecken, and Stanley Schachter
  3. pp. 258-269
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  1. 12. Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance
  2. Leon Festinger and James M. Carlsmith
  3. pp. 270-284
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  1. 13. The Psychological Effects of Insufficient Rewards
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 285-304
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  1. Part D. Perceptual Processes
  1. 14. Efference and the Conscious Experience of Perception
  2. Leon Festinger, Clarke A. Burnham, Hiroshi Ono, and Donald Bamber
  3. pp. 307-359
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  1. 15. Inferences About the Efferent System Based on a Perceptual Illusion Produced by Eye Movements
  2. Leon Festinger and A. Montague Easton
  3. pp. 360-387
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  1. 16. Visual Perception During Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements
  2. Leon Festinger, Harold A. Sedgwick, and Jeffrey D. Holtzman
  3. pp. 388-412
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  1. Part E. The Human Legacy
  1. 17. The Human Legacy
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 415-421
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  1. 18. The Social Organization of Early Human Groups
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 422-438
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  1. Part F. A Miscellany
  1. 19. Development of Differential Appetite in the Rat
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 441-451
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  1. 20. Some Consequences of De-Individuation in a Group
  2. Leon Festinger, A. Pepitone, and T. Newcomb
  3. pp. 452-467
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  1. 21. The Effectiveness of Unanticipated Persuasive Communications
  2. Leon Festinger and Jane Allyn
  3. pp. 468-479
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  1. 22. The Effectiveness of "Overheard" Persuasive Communications
  2. Elaine Walster and Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 480-494
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  1. 23. On Resistance to Persuasive Communications
  2. Leon Festinger and Nathan Maccoby
  3. pp. 495-509
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  1. 24. Laboratory Experiments
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 510-542
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  1. Part G. Biographical Notes
  1. Editors' Note
  2. pp. 545-546
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  1. Looking Backward
  2. Leon Festinger
  3. pp. 547-566
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  1. Part H. Bibliography
  1. Published Works of Leon Festinger
  2. pp. 569-574
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  1. Name Index
  2. pp. 575-580
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  1. Subject Index
  2. pp. 581-589
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