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Essays in Ancient Philosophy was first published in 1987. Minnesota Archive Editions uses digital technology to make long-unavailable books once again accessible, and are published unaltered from the original University of Minnesota Press editions.

To understand ancient philosophy "in its concrete, complex detail," Michael Frede says, "one has also to look at all the other histories to which it is tied by an intricate web of casual connections which run both ways." Frede's distinctive approach to the history of ancient philosophy is closely tied to his specific interests within the field - the Hellenistic philosophers and those of late antiquity, who are the primary subjects of this book. Long ignored or even maligned, the Stoics and Skeptics, medical philosophers, and grammarians are extremely interesting once their actual views are reconstructed and it is possible to recognize their ties to earlier and later philosophical thought. Refusing to study them as paradigms of achievement, or to seek purely philosophical explanations for their views, Frede draws instead upon those "other histories"—of religion, social structure, law and politics—to illuminate their work and to show how it was interpreted and transformed by succeeding generations.

Table of Contents

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  1. Cover
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  1. Title Page, Copyright
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  1. Contents
  2. pp. v-vi
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  1. Preface
  2. pp. vii-viii
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  1. Introduction: The Study of Ancient Philosophy
  2. pp. ix-xxviii
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  1. Plato
  1. 1. Observations on Perception in Plato's Later Dialogues
  2. pp. 3-8
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  1. Aristotle
  1. 2. The Title, Unity, and Authenticity of the Aristotelian Categories
  2. pp. 11-28
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  1. 3. Categories in Aristotle
  2. pp. 29-48
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  1. 4. Individuals in Aristotle
  2. pp. 49-71
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  1. 5. Substance in Aristotle's Metaphysics
  2. pp. 72-80
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  1. 6. The Unity of General and Special Metaphysics: Aristotle's Conception of Metaphysics
  2. pp. 81-96
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  1. Stoics
  1. 7. Stoic vs. Aristotelian Syllogistic
  2. pp. 99-124
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  1. 8. The Original Notion of Cause
  2. pp. 125-150
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  1. 9. Stoics and Skeptics on Clear and Distinct Impressions
  2. pp. 151-176
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  1. Skeptics
  1. 10. The Skeptic's Beliefs
  2. pp. 179-200
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  1. 11. The Skeptic's Two Kinds of Assent and the Question of the Possibility of Knowledge
  2. pp. 201-222
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  1. Medicine
  1. 12. Philosophy and Medicine in Antiquity
  2. pp. 225-242
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  1. 13. The Ancient Empiricists
  2. pp. 243-260
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  1. 14. The Method of the So-Called Methodical School of Medicine
  2. pp. 261-278
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  1. 15. On Galen's Epistemology
  2. pp. 279-298
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  1. Grammar
  1. 16. Principles of Stoic Grammar
  2. pp. 301-337
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  1. 17. The Origins of Traditional Grammar
  2. pp. 338-362
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  1. Notes
  2. pp. 363-374
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  1. Index of Ancient Authors
  2. pp. 375-378
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  1. Index of Subjects
  2. pp. 379-382
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  1. About the Author
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